[...] being silent when they don't care to be noticed

(the raven inviting the others to share in the party, when food is difficult to find ='lgc'>+ they are experts in hiding food items) eyes of an ethologist ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> why do ravens do that which the logic of evolution should prohibit them from doing='qstn'>? ='lgc'>--="ppl">="ppl">Despret='lgc'>='lgc'>--> this motive will be not only a ="trms">matter of discovering but also of inscribing in the regime of proof

hierarchical ladder ='lgc'>=/= great economy of conflicts

one-upmanship

="large lg2" stl="font-size:112%"> (raven's) acts that appear to be useless, pertain at once to both the game and to the affirmation of ="trms">skill

='strcls'>**reciprocity of exchanges of good conduct='strcls'>**
="lsts lst1">•you are ="trms">interested in the ="trms">differences
="lsts lst1">•you are ="trms">interested in unexpected strategies
="lsts lst1">•you take into account the fact that the ="trms">animal does not cease to transgress the rules and models ='lgc'>+ that it is unpre="trms">dictable in its choices (='lgc'><='lgc'>-- ravens ="trms">demand this) ='lgc'>==> you adopt other ='strcls'>***criteria of achievement='strcls'>*** ='lgc'>[='lgc'>='lgc'>--> in giving ='at'>#feedback to artists='lgc'>: understanding their ‘criteria of achievement’ (has nothing of an ambitious program about it, but) leaves their program totally open in regards to its realization='lgc'>]
="lsts lst2">◦for example (Heinrish explains) raven's criteria of achievement='lgc'>: the raven can ='strcls'>****procure resources from the environment and convert them to ="nms">a little more of itself='strcls'>**** (='lgc'><='lgc'>-- ='at'>@="nms">apass this is also what artists do, ='strcls'>*converting the environment into ="nms">a little more of itself='strcls'>*)
='lgc'>=/= theory of ="trms">sociobiology ='lgc'>{raven='lgc'> = an umpteenth ='thdf'>example of the “all purpose” model of the theory of the “selfish gene” ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> altruistic behaviors ='lgc'>==> transmit the greatest possible number of its genes to the population ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ravens who are altruistic ="trms">recruiters (sharing rare resources), costly from the individual point of view, can reap benefits in regard to evolution ='lgc'>~= ='strcls'>*the ="trms">animal simply obeys a relatively inflexible rule='lgc'>: help your relatives, ignore others, and you will multiply the copies of yourself='strcls'>* ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ='strcls'>*your ="trms">animal will be similar to others and all the variations be nothing but details of the same motive='strcls'>* ='lgc'>[='lgc'>=/= ="nms">Cinderella='lgc'>]='lgc'>}

how does the motive make the “crime” an achievement for the raven='qstn'>?
how (to ="trms">accord) this achievement (with that which) ="trms">translate to (the raven's everyday) survival='qstn'>?

(register of) negotiations of ="trms">interest and stakes ='lgc'>~/= (politeness of) “getting to know” by posing the ="trms">question, in terms of achievement, what it is that ="trms">interests the raven
='lgc'>='lgc'>--> to elucidate (not just what and how, but) why the raven does what it does
="lsts lst1">•the ravens will not show you straightforwardly what counts for them ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> you have to create ="trms">situations that permit the ravens to help you decide (among all the contesting ="trms">fictions) the ="trms"nttrm="righ,rigo,riga,rigi,trig,rign">right ="trms">fiction ='lgc'>[='at'>#artistic feedback as ="trms">fictioning='lgc'>]

dance of hesitation


(a cadaver لاشه, once a preditor, waiting for an imprudent raven) to reverse the ="trms">situation='lgc'>: to convert the ="trms">bird into ="nms">a little more of itself
='lgc'>==> salutary egoism='lgc'>: it would be better to be with many others in the case of this type of error

organization
cooperation
i find, you open

='strcls'>*work of the rese="trms"nttrm="search">archer='lgc'> = leading the ravens to take a ="trms">position in ="trms">relation to his ="trms">fictions and hypothesis='strcls'>* (resisting those that don't explain, clarifying those that do) ='lgc'>--="ppl">="ppl">Despret='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ='strcls'>**the rese="trms"nttrm="search">archer must create a dis="trms">positive that confers on the ravens “the power not to submit to his ="trms">interpretations”='strcls'>** ='lgc'><='lgc'>-- politeness of “getting to know” ='lgc'>{"getting to know you” does not necessarily turn on an attentive benevolence but on the art of finding the forces, and exchanging them, in an exercise of ='lgc'>[='strcls'>*='lgc'>]rivalry='lgc'>: (constituted by) a clever mixture of complicity ='and'>& op="trms">position='lgc'>}

test of the intelligence and cunning (of each other)

(in the case of ravens ='lgc'>[and ='at'>#feedback in art='lgc'>])
theoretically ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> we understand nothing
practically ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> we have to learn their tricks to be able to approach them

='strcls'>**a ="trms">matter of finding the procedures that attest to the pertinence of explanations='strcls'>** (='lgc'>=/= a ="trms">matter of explaining/understanding them)


enigma ='lgc'>--='lgc'>{(like good detective ="trms">stories) inscribes the protagonists in a ="trms">relation of='lgc'>}='lgc'>='lgc'>--> rivalry هم اورى ='lgc'>: if you want to understand them you must try to be as smart and cunning than they are (not letting oneself be duped by appearances)

politeness ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> suspicion ='lgc'>~= respect (‘re-="trms">spectare’ to look twice)
="lsts lst1">•confidence without verification offers little guarantee as to its robustness

="large lg1" stl="font-size:140%"> we want to witness in a re="trms">liable manner='lgc'> = we want that which we learn from the ravens is to be treated with confidence='lgc'> = we want to define ourselves as ="trms">authorized by them to speak in their names='lgc'> = we want to (required to) offer them the opportunity to show what they can do (with the ='strcls'>*great flexibility of our ="trms">interpretation='strcls'>*)


='lgc'>[='strcls'>*='lgc'>]="trms">trap
(enigma of the apparently inexplicable behavior) ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ='strcls'>*how to ask the ravens, with the same politeness, to take a ="trms">position in ="trms">relations to all the possible conjectures of the investigation='qstn'>?='strcls'>* how to ask them to teach us the good explanation, the ="trms"nttrm="righ,rigo,riga,rigi,trig,rign">right motive='qstn'>? ='lgc'>==> the rese="trms"nttrm="search">archer will have to learn the ='strcls'>***art of the ="trms">trap and the net='strcls'>***='lgc'> = the art of the ="trms"nttrm="failure,blur,plur,lurk,tallur,slur">lure and the trick='lgc'> = ='strcls'>***the art of learning from those whose enigma you are trying to solve='strcls'>*** (and have no intention of helping you) ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ‘how that which counts can count for them’
="lsts lst1">•='strcls'>*the art of metis / cunning intelligence='strcls'>* ='lgc'>: the particular form of intelligence that the ="trms">greeks (learning from hunters and fishermen) cultivated='lgc'> = intuition شهود ='lgc'>+ cunning مکر ='lgc'>+ perspicacity فراست ='lgc'>+ dissimulation فریب ='lgc'>+ improvisation بدیهه ='lgc'>+ vigilant attention هوشيار ='lgc'>+ sense of timeliness بجا (='lgc'><='lgc'>-- this type of “getting to know” was constituted exaclty to be found in a domain where human intelligence is constantly at grips with the land or sea ="trms">animals in an are where humans saw their intelligence and ="trms">techniques transform in learning from ="trms">animals='strcls'>**** ='lgc'>[-how to prolong the possibility of this transformation='qstn'>?='lgc'>]) ='lgc'><='lgc'>-- ='strcls'>*it is the only way of getting to know that can hope to address intelligent highly flexible='strcls'>* (="ppl">="ppl">Despret > Heinrish)='lgc'> = ravens who require of those who want to know them the same flexibility and the same intelligence
='lgc'>}='lgc'>='lgc'>-->='lgc'>[="trms"nttrm="already,spread">reading ="nms">ajayeb ="trms">bestiary as enigma; ="nms">Bambi's mother studies; little mermaid; (using ="ppl">="ppl">Despret's ethological research to think about) art of feedback ='lgc'>~= getting to know you ='lgc'>=/= audience engagement='lgc'>]


strange politeness
art of cunning (="trms"nttrm="failure,blur,plur,lurk,tallur,slur">lures ='lgc'>+ manipulation) ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> enticing ravens
='strcls'>*seeing without being seen='strcls'>*
="trms">obliging them ='lgc'>: ="trms"nttrm="failure,blur,plur,lurk,tallur,slur">luring them to actualize the choices ='lgc'>: ='strcls'>***creating ="trms">situations as if they were ="trms">natural='strcls'>*** (so as to let the ="trms">birds do the talking)
(it is a ="trms">matter of) rendering them more robust ='lgc'>[giving them the occasion to resists, of giving them ='strcls'>*the power to send the rese="trms"nttrm="search">archer/="trms">storyteller to work='strcls'>* ='lgc'>=/= to dis="trms">articulate (what ="ppl">Ferdosi does in Shahnameh to the Div)='lgc'>]


="large lg3" stl="font-size:112%"> to find an enticement that ="trms">interests them ='lgc'>~= to let himself be ="trms">recruited by them
='lgc'>[from Latin “cresc-” grow, rise ='lgc'>==> crescent, crew, decrease, crescendo, ="trms">recruit='lgc'>]

to trust them='lgc'> = to act like them
='at'>@="nms">apass feedback (="trms">differential knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge that is created because of not trusting)


the ="trms"nttrm="failure,blur,plur,lurk,tallur,slur">lure could be used to ="trms">respond to this ="trms">question='lgc'>: the ravens fall for the trick
...not only do the ravens not ="trms">respond to ="trms">questions but they pose new ones

="large lg4" stl="font-size:112%"> ="prgrph">-how could we ask them (the ravens, trees, etc.) to verify our hypothesis (about them)='qstn'>?

='strcls'>*he has no answers ='lgc'>=/= he has nine hypothesis='strcls'>*


biological detective ="trms">stories

curiosity (for the things you discover that you don't know) ='lgc'><== the more you know

="large lg5" stl="font-size:118%"> more cunning
more ="trms">imagination
more activities
='lgc'>--to='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ="trms">obligate ravens to choose between hypothesis

='lgc'>{ Heinrish='lgc'>: “It is still dark, and I'm al="trms"nttrm="already,spread">ready being awakened by raven calls! Several ="trms">birds are flying over Kaflunk making short, high-pitched calls that are unlike the usual quorks. These calls convey ex="trms">citement. The ="trms">birds are flying to a kill! I feel it. Even I can understand, and I too am ="trms">recruited” ='lgc'>}='lgc'>--="ppl">="ppl">Despret='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ='strcls'>***if this ="trms">recruitment by nonhumans was able to acquire such an efficacy, it is because the human was transformed by those whose enigma he was trying to understand='strcls'>*** ='lgc'>[='lgc'>=/= ="trms">animal ="trms"nttrm="righ,rigo,riga,rigi,trig,rign">rights activist ='lgc'>==> evidence arrive in the form of a weakened raven that has to be saved='lgc'>]

='strcls'>***letting himself be drawn into their enigma='lgc'> = converting the environment into ="nms">a little more of himself ='lgc'>==> he learned to become sensitive to what makes the ravens sensitive='strcls'>*** (="nms">Cinderella's mice learned that about her)

Heinrish ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> I, as a mammal for whom[...]