[...]ly to other beings, extend to unforseen ="trms">situations, change, and even invent and create new ="trms">relational uses (='lgc'><='lgc'>-- this is what i experience in ="trms">translational working with meanings in ="trms">farsi ="trms">literate in my ="trms">lectures)


(="nms">Cinderella asking) when observing rats, what can produce the activity of ="trms">translating their behaviors in terms of meanings='qstn'>?


="large lg2" stl="font-size:112%"> one confuses the term “examine” with that of “neutralize” ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> (Watson, ="trms">scientist) removed the rat's eyes, olfactory bulb, and whikers, which are essential to the sense of touch in rats, before throwing it into the exploration of the maze...
='lgc'>--="ppl">="ppl">Despret='lgc'>='lgc'>--> if the ="trms">world had probably lost all meaning for this de-sensed rat, the rat itself had lost all meaning for its experimenter (if it ever had one for him)
="prgrph">-this is the goal of the procedure='lgc'>: search out the lowest common denominator, the left-over, the automation, the behavior that from one ="trms">species to another will render all organisms commensurable تناسب پذير ='lgc'>[='lgc'><='lgc'>-- no!!!!='lgc'>]

the tacit ='thdf'>assumption that an ="trms">animal could ever enter into a ="trms">relationship with an object is false ='lgc'><='lgc'>--Uexküll='lgc'>-- (to have in mind) to study the most ="trms">different kinds of ="trms">animals in their ="trms">relations to a maze


her attic, ="nms">Cinderella in the universe of meanings

an ="trms">epistemological problem ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> it is not straightforward to enter into the subjective universe of an ="trms">animal in ="trms">interrogating it through an experimental dis="trms">positive thought up by a human

='lgc'>[dis="trms">positif='lgc'>: referring to machines and devices. as philosophical concept that has been drawn upon by ="ppl">Deleuze, ="ppl">="ppl">Foucault, ="ppl">Althusser, ="ppl">Agamben, and many others, has been rendered as “="trms">apparatus”, ="trms">social ="trms">apparatus='lgc'>]

maze ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> what this particular experimental dis="trms">positive can mean for a rat='qstn'>? how can this ='strcls'>*="trms">traversing='strcls'>* come to be, from the point of view of the rat (Uexküll calls “familiar path”)='qstn'>? how rats in pretending to ="trms">respond to the ="trms">questions of the behaviorists ="trms">respond in fact to another ="trms">question='qstn'>?
="prgrph">-behaviorist's ="trms">question='lgc'>: what is the abstract ="trms">relation of a being, whatever it may be (that which the behaviorists call an organism) to a ="trms">natural object='qstn'>?

why do rats always touch the walls as they go along them='qstn'>? ='lgc'>--="nms">Cinderella='lgc'>='lgc'>-->
="lsts lst1">•they are haptophiles, they like to touch
="lsts lst1">•they inscribe the course of their route in their bodies in the form of lines, curves, and turns, or even roughness, textures, sensations of cold or humidity
="lsts lst1">•letting itself be marked by the space
='lgc'>--="ppl">="ppl">Despret='lgc'>='lgc'>--> what do we know about what the body of a rat can sense='qstn'>?

='strcls'>***(from) the why of caused ='lgc'>--to='lgc'>='lgc'>--> entering into the regime of meanings='strcls'>***

the rat does not ="trms">respond to the ="trms">question of learning, he ="trms">responds to the ="trms">question of ='strcls'>*an architecture that constitute the ="trms">world for him='strcls'>*

(how='qstn'>?) the “="trms">animal's own ="trms">world” can (with difficulty) in="trms"nttrm="cluster,club">clude the human observer as an observer

...the maze can ="trms">authorize neither the ="trms">question of the “familiar path” nor that of the meaning of the wall


artifactual='lgc'>: the ="trms">situation where the being who is ="trms">interrogated ="trms">responds to a ="trms">different ="trms">question than the one the ="trms">scientist poses to her

hypothesis of the existence of an artifact ='lgc'>==> the possibility of taking into account the fact that the ="trms">animal would have a point of view on the ="trms">situation

="large lg1" stl="font-size:139%">
(to take ="trms">measure of) what one's ="trms">anxiety prompts (in the course of research)='lgc'>:
="lsts lst1">•expanding the ="trms">imagination
="lsts lst1">•paralyzing the ="trms">imagination ='lgc'>==> injection of more control


="trms">sciences that mobilize the beings that ="trms">respond to it

each experiment indicates not only the manner in which the ="trms">animals generally experience the procedures ='lgc'>--but='lgc'>='lgc'>--> the way in which each of the ="trms">animals lives them as a function of the perception that it has of them, as a function of what it expects

(="ppl">="ppl">Despret affirming that) there is no ='strcls'>*artifact='strcls'>* unless there is ='strcls'>*="trms">generalization='strcls'>*

="large lg3" stl="font-size:112%"> ='strcls'>*the time of the experimental dis="trms">positive='strcls'>* is not the same since it is set within a provisional and short time (five days if testing, cor="trms">responding to the work week) while ='strcls'>*the time of the farm='strcls'>* is a time of accumulated ="trms">memories and experience
="prgrph">-the ="trms">memory of the food eaten before
='at'>#="nms">Cinderella

it expects something else ='lgc'><== what one gives it is not the sole cause involved


="trms">animals certainly ="trms">respond to a ="trms">question, but it is not the one we pose to them
='strcls'>*the rese="trms"nttrm="search">archers compartmentalize the research; the ="trms">animals to not stop prompting them to decompartmentalize it='strcls'>* ='heart'>♥

="large lg4" stl="font-size:111%"> (always) the artifact ='lgc'>--constitutes='lgc'>='lgc'>--> the object of critique


="trms">animals do not judge an ='strcls'>*abstract ="trms">situation='strcls'>*, but a ="trms">situation offered to them ='strcls'>*as it is offered='strcls'>* to them

(="nms">Cinderella's) reciprocal habituation ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ="trms">animal itself actively takes the ="trms">questions and the ="trms">presence of the rese="trms"nttrm="search">archer into consideration
to negate the condition of research ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> exchange judgment and opinions (='lgc'>+ ="trms">mutually ="trms">affect one another)

why is ‘="trms">interest’ a bad motive, in this frame='qstn'>?
="prgrph">-because the ="trms">animal must be ="trms">interested in other things besides the human being, it must continue to live its life as a goat or a sheep ='lgc'>--='not'>✕='lgc'>='lgc'>--> “the good ="trms">animal='lgc'>: the ="trms">animal ="trms">responds to her observer”

="large lg5" stl="font-size:110%">
="display:block;white-space:nowrap;margin-bottom:-1em;overflow:hidden;">...................................

="ppl">Singh ='lgc'>+ Dave ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ordinary ="trms">affects of killing (="trms">animal) ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ="trms">anthropology of ethics ='lgc'>=/= ="ppl">Agamben's killablity (linked with sovereignty)='lgc'>: ="trms">routinized emotionally in="trms">different production of bare life (capacity to decide which bodies can be killed, without the killing counting either as homicide or as a sacrifice)

normative moral claims

(Laidlaw, ="ppl">="ppl">Foucault) ethical life='lgc'>: reflexive practice of freedom ='lgc'>--humanistic='lgc'>='lgc'>-->
="lsts lst1">•traditions of virtuous conduct
="lsts lst1">•changing practices of self-="trms">fashioning
="lsts lst1">•="trms">affective dis="trms">positions='lgc'>: compassion, devotion
="lsts lst1">•(altruistic ="trms">question of) how ought to one live='qstn'>?
='lgc'>=/=
what is the mode of a killing='qstn'>?
what is the mood accompanying that killing='qstn'>?
='lgc'>+ ethical repercussions (if any) there of, even of they are not prescribed or proscribed in state or in customary law


='strcls'>*to ="trms">write nonmorally about ='lgc'>[='strcls'>*='lgc'>]ethics='lgc'>: a mode of relatedness, even if the ="trms">relation is as ephemeral as a mood that may escape ="trms">measure or description, lying somewhere between mourning and in="trms">difference
='lgc'>[='lgc'>=/= to have an a ="trms">priori moral ="trms">code based on which we might justify (or predict ahead) our emotional ="trms">responses to particular killing ='lgc'>~= what constitutes a good life or death='lgc'>]

(mourning ='lgc'>=/= in="trms">difference)

concept ='lgc'>+ reality of ="trms">animals ='lgc'>+ ="trms">anthropology of India

everyday ="trms">affects (while witnessing or executing the death of ="trms">animals)
doubts and pleasures
cruelties and in="trms">differences
chicken shops
decimated forests of central India


moods='lgc'>:
="lsts lst1">•ambivalence
="lsts lst1">•cruelty and pleasure
="lsts lst1">•senses of devastation

modes and moods of ="trms">specific commercial and ritual occurrences (in ="nms">Tehran)

='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ='strcls'>***how does (and does not) killability shade into vitality='qstn'>?='strcls'>***

what does it mean for ="trms">animals to be alive in a severely depleted habitat='qstn'>?

(what it means to be alive in contemporary ="nms">Tehran='qstn'>?)

profane='lgc'>: a ="trms">routine, ritual, process that does not in itself invoke a sacred purpose or value

="prgrph">-how would we ="trms">measure the distance between the poles of the profane and sacred in terms of the mood and intention surrounding the ritual of killing='qstn'>?
="prgrph">-what is the mood sounding the sacrificial death='qstn'>? (veneration='qstn'>?)

="trms">animal sacrifice has a long ="trms">history in textual and oral forms of Hinduism (as do arguments against it)

آرامش قصاب
butcher's easy hospitality
slow time of sadism

='at'>#="trms">story
tribe of bonded laborer decide not to sacrifice ="trms">animals. “what is the use of someone's untimely death causing another='qstn'>?” (and because goats are expensive nowadays). one summer all the brothers get together and call the deity. he possessed my father's brother's son. we said='lgc'>: “baba, we won't give you a goat. eat us if you must.” the spirit began to get angry. he said if i accept this for you, then others will do the same. (after negotiation) he accepted only from one person and not others. the issue is still unresolved.

="trms">religiously infused con="trms">science
banality of secular cruelty
long-standing intimacy between violence and the sacred

='at'>#="trms">story
Nitin is jinn and no jinn wants to marry their daughter to someone who sells chicken for a living. Nitin has debilitating nightmares about dying chi[...]