^1183014.4.30$s @ Sina Seifee

[...]r path”)?span> how rats in pretending to s cls s="trms">respons>d to the s cls s="trms">questions>s of the behaviorists s cls s="trms">respons>d in fact to another s cls s="trms">questions>?span>
-behaviorist's s cls s="trms">questions>ss='lgc'>: what is the abstract s cls s="trms">relations> of a being, whatever it may be (that which the behaviorists call an organism) to a s cls s="trms">naturs>al object?span>
span>
why do rats always touch the walls as they go along them?span> ss='lgc'>--s cls s="nms">Cinderellas>ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>-->
sts cls s="lsts lst1">•they are haptophiles, they like to touch
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•they inscribe the course of their route in their bodies in the form of lines, curves, and turns, or even roughnes s, textures, sensations of cold or humidity
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•letting itself be marked by the space
sts> ss='lgc'>--ss="ppl">ss="ppl">Despretss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> what do we know about what the body of a rat can sense?span>

<strcls cls s='strcls'>***strcls>(from) the why of caused ss='lgc'>--toss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> entering into the regime of meanings<strcls cls s='strcls'>***strcls>

the rat does not s cls s="trms">respons>d to the s cls s="trms">questions> of learning, he s cls s="trms">respons>ds to the s cls s="trms">questions> of <strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>an architecture that constitute the s cls s="trms">worlds> for him<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>

(how?span>) the “s cls s="trms">animals>'s own s cls s="trms">worlds>” can (with difficulty) ins cls s="trms"nttrm="cluster,club">clus>de the human observer as an observer

...the maze can s cls s="trms">authors>ize neither the s cls s="trms">questions> of the “familiar path” nor that of the meaning of the wall

ss="large lg2" stl="font-size:112%">
artifactualss='lgc'>: the s cls s="trms">situs>ation where the being who is s cls s="trms">inters>rogated s cls s="trms">respons>ds to a s cls s="trms">differens>t s cls s="trms">questions> than the one the s cls s="trms">scies>ntist poses to her

hypothesis of the existence of an artifact ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> the pos sibility of taking into account the fact that the s cls s="trms">animals> would have a point of view on the s cls s="trms">situs>ation

(to take s cls s="trms">meass>ure of) what one's s cls s="trms">anxis>ety prompts (in the course of research)ss='lgc'>:
sts cls s="lsts lst1">•expanding the s cls s="trms">imagis>nation
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•paralyzing the s cls s="trms">imagis>nation ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> injection of more control
sts>

s cls s="trms">scies>nces that mobilize the beings that s cls s="trms">respons>d to it

each experiment indicates not only the manner in which the s cls s="trms">animals>s generally experience the procedures ss='lgc'>--butss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> the way in which each of the s cls s="trms">animals>s lives them as a function of the perception that it has of them, as a function of what it expects

(ss="ppl">ss="ppl">Despret affirming that) there is no <strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>artifact<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls> unles s there is <strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>s cls s="trms">generalizs>ation<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>

<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>the time of the experimental diss cls s="trms">posits>ive<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls> is not the same since it is set within a provisional and short time (five days if testing, cors cls s="trms">respons>ding to the work week) while <strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>the time of the farm<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls> is a time of accumulated s cls s="trms">mems>ories and experience
-the s cls s="trms">mems>ory of the food eaten before
span> ss='at'>#s cls s="nms">Cinderellas>

it expects something else ss='lgc'><ss='lgc'>== what one gives it is not the sole cause involved

s cls s="trms">animals>s certainly s cls s="trms">respons>d to a s cls s="trms">questions>, but it is not the one we pose to them
<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>the reses cls s="trms"nttrm="search">arches>rs compartmentalize the research; the s cls s="trms">animals>s to not stop prompting them to decompartmentalize it<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls> ♥span>

(always) the artifact ss='lgc'>--constitutesss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> the object of critique

s cls s="trms">animals>s do not judge an <strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>abstract s cls s="trms">situs>ation<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>, but a s cls s="trms">situs>ation offered to them <strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>as it is offered<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls> to them

(s cls s="nms">Cinderellas>'s) reciprocal habituation ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> s cls s="trms">animals> itself actively takes the s cls s="trms">questions>s and the s cls s="trms">presens>ce of the reses cls s="trms"nttrm="search">arches>r into consideration
to negate the condition of research ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> exchange judgment and opinions (ss='lgc'>+ s cls s="trms">mutuals>ly s cls s="trms">affects> one another)

why is ‘s cls s="trms">inters>est’ a bad motive, in this frame?span>
-because the s cls s="trms">animals> must be s cls s="trms">inters>ested in other things besides the human being, it must continue to live its life as a goat or a sheep ss='lgc'>--✕span>ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> “the good s cls s="trms">animals>ss='lgc'>: the s cls s="trms">animals> s cls s="trms">respons>ds to her observer”
span>

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ss="ppl">s s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>Singh ss='lgc'>+ Dave ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> ordinary s cls s="trms">affects>s of killing (s cls s="trms">animals>) ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> s cls s="trms">anthrops>ology of ethics ss='lgc'>=/= ss="ppl">Agamben's killablity (linked with sovereignty)ss='lgc'>: s cls s="trms">routins>ized emotionally ins cls s="trms">differens>t production of bare life (capacity to decide which bodies can be killed, without the killing counting either as homicide or as a sacrifice)

normative moral claims

(Laidlaw, ss="ppl">ss="ppl">Foucault) ethical lifess='lgc'>: reflexive practice of freedom ss='lgc'>--humanisticss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>-->
sts cls s="lsts lst1">•traditions of virtuous conduct
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•changing practices of self-s cls s="trms">fashions>ing
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•s cls s="trms">affects>ive diss cls s="trms">posits>ionsss='lgc'>: compas sion, devotion
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•(altruistic s cls s="trms">questions> of) how ought to one live?span>
sts> ss='lgc'>=/=
what is the mode of a killing?span>
what is the mood accompanying that killing?span>
ss='lgc'>+ ethical repercus sions (if any) there of, even of they are not prescribed or proscribed in state or in customary law

<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>to s cls s="trms">writs>e nonmorally about ss='lgc'>[<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>ss='lgc'>]ethicsss='lgc'>: a mode of relatednes s, even if the s cls s="trms">relations> is as ephemeral as a mood that may escape s cls s="trms">meass>ure or description, lying somewhere between mourning and ins cls s="trms">differens>ce
ss='lgc'>[ss='lgc'>=/= to have an a s cls s="trms">priors>i moral s cls s="trms">cods>e based on which we might justify (or predict ahead) our emotional s cls s="trms">respons>ses to particular killing ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>~= what constitutes a good life or deathss='lgc'>]

(mourning ss='lgc'>=/= ins cls s="trms">differens>ce)

concept ss='lgc'>+ reality of s cls s="trms">animals>s ss='lgc'>+ s cls s="trms">anthrops>ology of India

everyday s cls s="trms">affects>s (while witnes sing or executing the death of s cls s="trms">animals>s)
doubts and pleasures
cruelties and ins cls s="trms">differens>ces
chicken shops
decimated forests of central India

moodsss='lgc'>:
sts cls s="lsts lst1">•ambivalence
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•cruelty and pleasure
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•senses of devastation
sts>
modes and moods of s cls s="trms">specifis>c commercial and ritual occurrences (in s cls s="nms">Tehrans>)

ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> <strcls cls s='strcls'>***strcls>how does (and does not) killability shade into vitality?span><strcls cls s='strcls'>***strcls>

what does it mean for s cls s="trms">animals>s to be alive in a severely depleted habitat?span>

(what it means to be alive in contemporary s cls s="nms">Tehrans>?span>)

profaness='lgc'>: a s cls s="trms">routins>e, ritual, proces s that does not in itself invoke a sacred purpose or value

-how would we s cls s="trms">meass>ure the distance between the poles of the profane and sacred in terms of the mood and intention surrounding the ritual of killing?span>
span> -what is the mood sounding the sacrificial death?span> (veneration?span>)
span>
s cls s="trms">animals> sacrifice has a long s cls s="trms">histos>ry in textual and oral forms of Hinduism (as do arguments against it)

s>آرامش قصابs>
butcher's easy hospitality
slow time of sadism

ss='at'>#s cls s="trms">storys>
tribe of bonded laborer decide not to sacrifice s cls s="trms">animals>s. “what is the use of someone's untimely death causing another?span>” (and because goats are expensive nowadays). one summer all the brothers get together and call the deity. he pos ses sed my father's brother's son. we saidss='lgc'>: “baba, we won't give you a goat. eat us if you must.” the spirit began to get angry. he said if i accept this for you, then others will do the same. (after negotiation) he accepted only from one person and not others. the is sue is still unresolved.

s cls s="trms">religs>iously infused cons cls s="trms">scies>nce
banality of secular cruelty
long-standing intimacy between violence and the sacred

ss='at'>#s cls s="trms">storys>
Nitin is jinn and no jinn wants to marry their daughter to someone who sells chicken for a living. Nitin has debilitating nightmares about dying chickens.
sts cls s="lsts lst1">•poultry industry
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•cage-free farming
sts>

(there is no “irreducible” s cls s="trms">ontos>logical gap, disjuncture of temporality, s cls s="trms">ontos>logical uns cls s="trms">translats>ability, betweenss='lgc'>:)
time of s cls s="trms">histos>ry/capital ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>~= time of the gods/ritual

both ritual and capital ss='lgc'>--involvess='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> exchange s cls s="trms">relations>s ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> unpres cls s="trms">dictas>ble forms of movement (acros s domains)

sts cls s="lsts lst1">•(show of being halal) res cls s="trms">citas>tion of kalma with the first s cls s="trms">birds> and the last, as suming comprehensive coverage for the ones who fall between
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•s s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>Skylard ss cls s="trms">laughs>terhouse building hospitals and temples
sts> ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> emotional, ritual, commercial traffic acros s sacred and profane

s cls s="trms">consums>ption of neighboring s cls s="trms">species>s

<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>cruelty as play<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>
(a les s cultivated form of pleaser?span>)

deadended s cls s="trms">birds>
ceased-but-not-killed mouse
not dead, not killed, but not quite a being either

the power to turn s cls s="trms">animals>s into things, as of they were never anything else

recognition of playful actually ss='lgc'>--ss="ppl">s s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>Singhss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> ethics of immanent s cls s="trms">obligs>ation

(ss='lgc'>[<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>ss='lgc'>]collaborationss='lgc'>: s cls s="trms">inters>rupt each other's train of thought)

(dramatization of) agonistic intimacy ss='lgc'>: a s cls s="trms">relations>ship of proximity and violence between neighboring s cls s="trms">socis>al groups (the body of neighboring s cls s="trms">species>s)
ss='lgc'>--Taus sigss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> ritual violence (the most stunning prop is the humanss='lgc'>: the all too profane body with its various appendages, fluids, undulating surfaces, s cls s="trms">folds>s, exists, entrances)
ss='lgc'>--ss="ppl">Veenass='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> sacrificial violence ss='lgc'>: dramatization of one's own inevitable death (there is a certain s cls s="trms">anxis>ety around violence that is s cls s="trms">integrs>al to <strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>the s cls s="trms">imagis>nation of an ethical life<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls> in Hindu texts and practices)
ss='lgc'>--s cls s="frds">s s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>Sinas>ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> gamer video of s cls s="trms">zoos>

condition of s cls s="trms">viscs>erality
a condition of being ransomed to death

Venna ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> a major theological transformation (a critique of violence) in a nonmes sianic nonsoteriological sense s>رستگاری شناختیs> in s s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>South Asia took place with the Mahabharata

<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>cruelty ss='lgc'>=/= violence<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>

sts cls s="lsts lst1">•the feeling of noncruilty expres sed in the unpres cls s="trms">dictas>ble attachments, at times acros s s cls s="trms">species>s (companionship) in the Mahabharata (ss="ppl">Veena) ss='lgc'>[in ss="ppl">Attar?span> in Kelile and Demne?span>ss='lgc'>]
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•companionable thinking (Cavell)
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•coms cls s="trms">mis sions> s cls s="trms">species>s (ss="ppl">ss="ppl">Haraway)
sts> ss='lgc'>--✕span>ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> ss="ppl">s s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>Singh's agonistic intimacyss='lgc'>:
stsrd cls s="lstsrd">1. companionship may also involve forms of s cls s="trms">mutuals> violence
stsrd> stsrd cls s="lstsrd">2. violence inevitability (in afs cls s="trms">finits>y or animus) does not remove a consideration of the mode of violence from the sphere of the ethical ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> we must make space for the consideration ofss='lgc'>:
stsrd> sts cls s="lsts lst2">◦cruelty
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst2">◦s cls s="trms">differens>tial vulnerability
sts> stsrd cls s="lstsrd">3. certain forms of companionable noncruilty may also breed accompanying forms of cruelty
stsrd> stsrd cls s="lstsrd">4. within conditions of death and cruelty <strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>it is not always clear what noncruilty might be<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>
stsrd>

a s cls s="trms">birds> cursing (s cls s="trms">presens>tly taking root that will someday come to fruition) a human who is stubbornly injuring when need not, or s>تو نیکی می‌کن و در دجله اندازs>
(myth) asks us to think about cycles of violence
how an act never exists in isolation
chaos theory, the effect might come later

informal epic subplots s cls s="trms">narrats>ed in improvised forms

which ritual laments are available for mas sive s cls s="trms">ecologs>ical shifts
...the death of others
...ss cls s="trms">cenes> of los s (ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>~/= milieu)
ss='lgc'>}ss='lgc'><ss='lgc'>--ss="ppl">s s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>Singhss='lgc'>-- virtue, piety, self-s cls s="trms">fashions>ing do not help to work through this (ss='at'>@s cls s="nms">apas ss>)

devastation ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> cohabitation (of s cls s="trms">species>s that were apart before)

Kelile and Demne ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> agonistics can be comic (even if repercus sions of tragic) ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> mood of violence

“everything has to die”
s cls s="trms">questions> of s cls s="trms">routins>ized ritual or commercial production of killable bodies and of things ceasing to s cls s="trms">matters>

s cls s="trms">animals>s don't die in villages, they could only be killed

s cls s="trms">anthrops>ology of ethics
what is to kill?span>
what is to kill well?span>
what is to ber killed?span>
what is to be killable?span>

can we speak of a quality of death?span>

(ss="ppl">Veena, Cavell, Harraway's) ‘companion’ is not a resolution to ethical quandaries of human-s cls s="trms">animals> s cls s="trms">relations>s

culpability of homicide ss='lgc'><ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> veneration of sacrifice

life ss='lgc'>=/= s cls s="trms">zoos> ss='lgc'>=/= bios

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retross='lgc'>: (a posts cls s="trms">moderns> sensibility firmly rooted in the s cls s="trms">presens>t) appropriating ss='lgc'>[use ss='lgc'>+ exploit, pick ss='lgc'>+ mixss='lgc'>] the s cls s="trms">aesthets>ics (aspects) of the s cls s="trms">pasts> while not longing for its return ss='lgc'>=/= nostalgiass='lgc'>: a mode of resistance against the s cls s="trms">presens>t

retross='lgc'>: a mode of s cls s="trms"nttrm="already,spread">reads>ing, an attitude towards the s cls s="trms">pasts> without emotional attachment

ironic s cls s="trms">consums>ption...

... ss='lgc'>=/= how adults might perceive the political context

ss="large lg14" stl="font-size:108%"> dis sident discourse
(audience looking for) counter regime mes sages

<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>nostalgia ss='lgc'>+ nationalism within a postcolonial Europe<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>
Europe's repres sed imperial s cls s="trms">histos>ry ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> longing for the divided Europe of the Cold War ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> posts cls s="trms">socis>as cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists> nostalgia (in television ss='lgc'>[ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> cultural s cls s="trms">mems>oryss='lgc'>])

s cls s="trms">pasts>ss='lgc'>: retro comedy

comedyss='lgc'>: retrospective res cls s="trms">presens>tation

(comedy does not?span>) antagonize its audience ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>~= build a s cls s="trms">mems>ory conflict
ss='lgc'>[<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>ss='lgc'>]comedyss='lgc'>: strive for reconciliation (by focusing on the everyday life of its colorful characters)

ss="large lg14" stl="font-size:100%"> the good soldier s s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>Svejk ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> good-s cls s="trms">naturs>ed side of czech national identity

self-congratulatory s cls s="trms">narrats>ive ss='lgc'><ss='lgc'>-- (when you think you are always) morally on the s cls s="trms"nttrm="righ,rigo,riga,rigi,trig,rign">rigs>ht side
ss='at'>@s cls s="nms">apas ss>

(tv series) forging resistance-based (national or individual) s cls s="trms">mems>ory

the way in which a s cls s="trms">socis>ety understands its own s cls s="trms">pasts> ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> through culture (not a s cls s="trms">matters> for politicians and legislative s cls s="trms">meass>ures alone) that particular s cls s="trms">narrats>ives about the s cls s="trms">pasts> are kept alive and help to structure understandings of the s cls s="trms">presens>t

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strollingss='lgc'>: walking in the city ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> sense of belonging to the city
walking in 19th century (starting with England) ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> something for the lower clas s
ss='lgc'>--laterss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> walking became a middle clas s pursuit (something you do in your garden ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> parks for walking)
city walking ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> claiming step by step parts of the city ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> practice of belonging ss='lgc'>[ss='lgc'>~ sense of place (in s cls s="trms">histos>ryss='lgc'> = nationalism) of certainty ss='lgc'>+ comfortss='lgc'>] ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> belonging is an individual imperative (something that is created by the individual on the ground) ss='lgc'>[ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>~/=?span> a s cls s="trms">categs>ory of exs cls s="trms">s cls s="trms"nttrm="cluster,club">clus>sis>onss='lgc'>]

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s cls s="trms"nttrm="danger,stranger">angers>ss='lgc'>: an expres sion by which the observer perceives as if something <strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>happened to the person who is angry<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls> (a pas sive experience, not something that the person did)

intuitionss='lgc'> = recognition

sts cls s="lsts lst1">•s cls s="trms">mems>ory is really bad at res cls s="trms">mems>bering s cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists>s
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•s cls s="trms">mems>ory is really good at res cls s="trms">mems>bering routes through space
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•(humans are good at res cls s="trms">mems>bering) s cls s="trms">agens>t-thinking ss='lgc'>=/= abstract notions
sts>

<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>s cls s="trms"nttrm="danger,stranger">angers> ss='lgc'>==revealsss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> s cls s="trms">worlds><strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>

s cls s="trms"nttrm="danger,stranger">angers> ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> makes you ungly ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> prompts action
ss='lgc'>[the strange connection ofss='lgc'>: action ss='lgc'><ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> uglines sss='lgc'>]

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posts cls s="trms">socis>as cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists> nostalgiass='lgc'>: s cls s="trms">relations>al expres sion of a heterogeneous set of desires that operate in an s cls s="trms">inters>cultural s cls s="trms">networks>

ss="large lg26" stl="font-size:134%"> Imre

western European longing for the divided Europe of the Cold War ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> Europe’s repres sed imperial s cls s="trms">histos>ry

two s cls s="trms">differens>t modes of res cls s="trms">mems>beringss='lgc'>:
sts cls s="lsts lst1">•s cls s="trms">histos>ry ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> official, public and profes sional modes (ass cls s="trms">socis>ated with coms cls s="trms">mems>oration and musealization)
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•s cls s="trms">mems>ory ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> unofficial, popular and private modes (frequently ass cls s="trms">socis>ated with nostalgia and s cls s="trms">consums>erism)
sts>
s cls s="trms">literas>ry and cinematic texts that foreground some form of preoccupation with the s cls s="trms">pasts>

ss="large lg1" stl="font-size:119%">
-television (amnesiac qualities) has been accused of undermining s cls s="trms">mems>ory and perpetuating a sense of ephemerality and transience ss='lgc'>--✕span>ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> <strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>television is also a powerful mnemonic tool<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>
span>
<strcls cls s='strcls'>***strcls>television is both amnesiac &span> mnemonic<strcls cls s='strcls'>***strcls> ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> tv's propensity to resonate in s cls s="trms">differens>t temporalities at once

televisionss='lgc'>: a vehicle for the transformation of and a source of information about the quotidian ss='lgc'>~ primary generator of collective s cls s="trms">mems>ory ss='lgc'>[ss='lgc'><ss='lgc'>-- this is now s cls s="trms">socis>al media, Ins cls s="trms">stags>ram TikTokss='lgc'>]

s cls s="trms">histos>rical drama
pseudo documentary
period drama series
ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> providing the viewers with a “useable s cls s="trms">pasts>” that is always related to and relevant to the concerns of the s cls s="trms">presens>t

in the posts cls s="trms">socis>as cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists> region, the s cls s="trms">pasts> has especially sensitive nerve endings in the s cls s="trms">presens>t

ss="large lg10" stl="font-size:128%"> national regimes &span> individual citizens alike have tried to revive usable paradigms of identity from s cls s="trms">pasts> periods (to clear away or at least cover up the s cls s="trms">histos>rical debris left behind)

television as a mas sive archaeological site

polys cls s="trms">morphs>ic, undefinable identity with tentacles in several fields that makes television (and popular s cls s="trms">inters>net media) so confusing

(to understand who has stakes) in keeping s cls s="trms">histos>ry and s cls s="trms">mems>ory practices separate and in minimizing the role of television and other popular media

(s cls s="trms">inters>net popular media) television's mes sy status as a medium

s cls s="trms">communs>ist parties ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> mould television to standardize citizens's everyday domestic life rhythms
sts cls s="lsts lst1">•cheerleading docus cls s="trms">ficts>ions
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•educational quiz shows
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•uplifting entertainment such as theatrical broadcasts of Rus sian and European clas sics
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•doctored news
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•limited advertising
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•domestically produced dramatic series focused firmly on the romanticized s cls s="trms">histos>rical s cls s="trms">pasts>
sts>
ss='lgc'>{projective ideals ss='lgc'>=/= actual experiential realities of s cls s="trms">socis>alismss='lgc'>}ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> layer of ironic distance between ss='lgc'>[media (television) and its viewersss='lgc'>]

(1990s following the s s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>Soviet empire's diss cls s="trms">integrs>ation ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>-->) ironic overidentification ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> nostalgia
ss='lgc'>--Imress='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> evasion of television allows for nostalgia to be misframed and misappropriated as a sentiment that marks the end of s cls s="trms">socis>alism ss='lgc'>[temporally and clearly demarcates backward-looking posts cls s="trms">socis>as cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists> populations from forward-looking (Western) observersss='lgc'>]
ss='lgc'>-ss='lgc'>-ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> takes into account television's (and s cls s="trms">inters>net s cls s="trms">socis>al media) relevance to collective s cls s="trms">mems>ory

post-X nostalgiass='lgc'>: a near-s cls s="trms">viscs>eral yearning for the false sense of safety derived from the s cls s="trms">mems>ory of X (fetishistically attached to public personas or s cls s="trms">consums>er products of the s cls s="trms">pasts>)

nostalgiass='lgc'>: an s cls s="trms">inters>pretive framework ss='lgc'>}ss='lgc'><ss='lgc'>-- <strcls cls s='strcls'>**strcls>sense of intimate s cls s="trms">socis>ality disrupted by the collapse of a centralized s cls s="trms">syss>tem of governance and the influx of globalization<strcls cls s='strcls'>**strcls>

nostalgia is a discourse (that is not s cls s="trms">specifis>c to Eastern Europe) populations disappointed with and uns cls s="trms">s cls s="trms">equips>s>ped to deal with the advent of s cls s="trms">markets> democracy

there are more than one way of (content of) longing

televisionss='lgc'>: a medium whose chief mode of operation is in reruns, recombinations, circulating formats and generic adaptations that constantly s cls s="trms">inters>weave national, regional and global scales ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>~= digital s cls s="trms">socis>al media

(Imre > Boyer) to trace nostalgia back to the intellectual os cls s="trms"nttrm="righ,rigo,riga,rigi,trig,rign">rigs>ins of European cultural nationalisms

...diverse and contradictory sentiments that make us see European cultures conjoined in s cls s="trms">mutuals> s cls s="trms">relations>ships of dependence, rather than separation

(Imre ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>-->) <strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>nostalgia as something by des cls s="trms">finits>ion national at its core<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>

ss="large lg10" stl="font-size:107%"> nostalgia ss='lgc'>--foregroundss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> coexistence of s cls s="trms">differens>t temporalities in the s cls s="trms">presens>t

posts cls s="trms">socis>as cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists> nostalgia in Romania is similar in structure to late s cls s="trms">socis>as cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists> nostalgia of the 1980s in Hungary

manage feelings of dislocation ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> longing for national homes
ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>~ss='lgc'>~ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> preference for s cls s="trms">literas>ture and high art as expres sions of what has been identified as cultural nationalism (“national traditionss='lgc'> = tradition invested in high art”) ss='lgc'>+ perceived illegitimacy of popular cultural production and s cls s="trms">consums>ption (concealed by the allegedly rebellious “dis sident” status of intellectuals) ss='lgc'>==organizess='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> the contents of collective s cls s="trms">mems>ory

Imre ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> racialized underpinnings of allegedly “pure” s cls s="trms">aesthets>ic judgments

inherently nostalgic and pre-s cls s="trms">moderns> posts cls s="trms">socis>as cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists> population ss='lgc'><ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> Western Europe as the epicentre of progres sive s cls s="trms">scies>ntific s cls s="trms">moderns>ity

television's capacity for personalization and s cls s="trms">narrats>ivization

<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>demis cls s="trms">worlds> of popular culture<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>
television’s dominant s cls s="trms">posits>ion within the domestic environment and its special appeal to an emotionally available female or feminine s cls s="trms">consums>er ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> televisionss='lgc'>: the mas s medium of the s cls s="trms">socis>as cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists> period ss='lgc'>--posess='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> the ds cls s="trms"nttrm="danger,stranger">angers> of a pas sive mindles s s cls s="trms">consums>ption of s cls s="trms">formus>laic s cls s="trms">narrats>ives (a ds cls s="trms"nttrm="danger,stranger">angers> that has been ascribed to women’s inferior psychos cls s="trms">socis>al needs and tastes ss='lgc'>=/= cerebral s cls s="trms">moderns>ist masculinity of art) ss='lgc'>-ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> go tospan> ss="ppl">Baxstrom's realizing the witch

Western European cultural nationalisms

ss='thdf'>the notion of nostalgic and pres cls s="trms">moderns> posts cls s="trms">socis>as cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists> population ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> Western Europe as the epicentre of progres sive s cls s="trms">scies>ntific s cls s="trms">moderns>ity

West’s fanning of East European nostalgia ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> a post-imperial s cls s="trms">syms>ptomss='lgc'> = (expres sion of a growing Western European awarenes s that) s cls s="trms">moderns>ity is ps cls s="trms"nttrm="failure,blur,plur,lurk,tallur,slur">lurs>inodal rather than centred in European metropolitan headquarters

(postimperial European dimension of) <strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>cultural nationalism ss='lgc'><ss='lgc'>~÷ss='lgc'>+ss='lgc'>-> nostalgia<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>
...utopian national rebirth scenarios for a united Germany ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> (promoted by intellectual artists) the bad idea that suppres sion of German nationalism ss='lgc'>==openss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> influx of American audio-visual culture (that muat be resisted in order to preserve and nourish German culture in its purest s cls s="trms">literas>ry manifestation)
= logocentric return to the ethos of German Romanticism ss='lgc'>[Kulturnation ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> certain cultural identity ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> cliche-ridden elitist racist implicationsss='lgc'>] ss='lgc'>+ new nationalism ss='lgc'>=/= results of Western s cls s="trms">integrs>ation over the last forty years

aspirational s cls s="trms">narrats>ive (of nation...)

postimperial power dynamicss='lgc'>:
sts cls s="lsts lst1">•western reses cls s="trms"nttrm="search">arches>r ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> has the political capital to afford studying popular media
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•eastern reses cls s="trms"nttrm="search">arches>r ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> has to faithfully fulfill the role to res cls s="trms">presens>t their national culture (elite achievement)
sts>

(Bourdon >Imre) the most obvious European commonality ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> <strcls cls s='strcls'>**strcls>a focus on high culture<strcls cls s='strcls'>**strcls>

national s cls s="trms">specifis>cities of s cls s="trms">mems>ory s cls s="trms">syss>tems developed around television

nostalgia machine
sts cls s="lsts lst1">•Putin ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> TV programming to a s cls s="trms">literas>ry s s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>Soviet s cls s="trms">herits>age
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•Hungarian FIDEs s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>SZ ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> s cls s="trms">childs>ren’s channel of s cls s="trms">socis>as cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists> s cls s="trms">childs>ren’s programmes
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•showcase oeuvre of popular performers from the s cls s="trms">pasts>
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•rerunning vintage highbrow contentss='lgc'>: old films, television series and documentaries
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•popular music's capacity to call up depoliticized s cls s="trms">affects>ive s cls s="trms">mems>ories
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•commercials (ss='lgc'>--ts cls s="trms"nttrm="righ,rigo,riga,rigi,trig,rign">rigs>gerss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> posts cls s="trms">socis>as cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists> nostalgia)
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•
sts> ss='lgc'>}ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> depoliticized reminiscences ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> an image of (s cls s="trms">socis>as cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists>) s cls s="trms">socis>ality as a s cls s="trms">naturs>al connecting glue among citizens gathered around the warm glow of their favourite singers and cabaret actors

FIDEs s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>SZss='lgc'> = alarming racism ss='lgc'>+ anti-s s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>Semitism ss='lgc'>+ drastic neoliberal economic restructuring ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> televisionss='lgc'> = s cls s="trms">inters>faces of official state nationalism ss='lgc'>+ commercial purposes of a nostalgia industry

(ghost of s cls s="trms">dictas>tors in) humorous commercial contextss='lgc'>:
sts cls s="lsts lst1">•Tito in post-Yugoslav republic commercials (as anti-capitas cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists> and anti-commercias cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists> hero)
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•Ceausescu in commercials in Romania (old footage of him walking his dog in car tires ads)
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•
sts> ss='lgc'>}ss='lgc'>--Imress='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> (blending) <strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>top-down s cls s="trms">histos>ry les sons<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls> ss='lgc'>+ the work of <strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>popular s cls s="trms">mems>ory<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls> ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> punctuate contemporary continuities with the s cls s="trms">communs>ist regime that are taboo in official s cls s="trms">narrats>ives but prevalent in popular perceptions of s cls s="trms">histos>ry
(ss='lgc'>==Georgescuss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> counter-s cls s="trms">mems>ory ss='lgc'><ss='lgc'>-- does it as sist coming to terms with the s cls s="trms">pasts>, proces sing the paralyzing s cls s="trms">pasts> and the humiliating s cls s="trms">presens>t of globalization coupled with reactionary state control)

s cls s="trms">socis>as cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists> advertising (ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> promoted products and services that had not competition in the absence of a real s cls s="trms">markets>) ss='lgc'>==nowss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> a sense of awkwardnes s (absurdity of an era) ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> an oxymoron ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> (the ads’) appeal ss='lgc'>==guaranteess='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> the authenticity of res cls s="trms">mems>bering ss='lgc'>+ s cls s="trms">mutuals> recognition (among s cls s="trms">mems>bers of the nostalgic s cls s="trms">communs>ity) ss='lgc'>-ss='lgc'>-ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> <strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>longing for a bond s cls s="trms">specifis>c to an elusive era<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>

ss="large lg26" stl="font-size:125%"> (for late s cls s="trms">socis>alism ss='lgc'>--Imress='lgc'>ss='lgc'>-->) ss='lgc'>[<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>ss='lgc'>]nostalgiass='lgc'>: a popular and es sential compensatory s cls s="trms">gests>ure to make up for the los s of a contradictory temporality
ss='lgc'>+
a mode of continuity with an era that was als cls s="trms"nttrm="already,spread">reads>y nostalgic for the unrealized transformative potential (of real s cls s="trms">socis>alism)

(Yurchak's) <strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>frozen s cls s="trms">presens>t<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>ss='lgc'> = the time of nostalgia
ss='lgc'>}ss='lgc'><ss='lgc'>== late s cls s="trms">socis>as cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists> culture itself lived in a nostalgic mode, at a certain ironic, knowing distance from what it was s cls s="trms">supposs>ed to be s cls s="trms">accords>ing to the s cls s="trms">mems>ories of the heroic 40s-50s and the remnants of s cls s="trms">socis>as cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists> propaganda ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> <strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>a familiar ironic mode of experiencing s cls s="trms">histos>ry vicariously<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls> (in a way that is experienced in the s cls s="trms">imagis>nation through the actions of another person)

(looking at televisual nostalgia ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>-->) late s cls s="trms">socis>alism ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> an s cls s="trms">affects> &span> s cls s="trms">epistems>ology that can only acces s the “authentic” through contras cls s="trms">dictis>on ambivalence self-reflective irony
ss='lgc'><ss='lgc'>--Holdsworthss='lgc'>-- expres sion of s cls s="trms">presens>t s cls s="trms">anxis>eties about s cls s="trms">histos>ry and s cls s="trms">mems>ory in general

<smlbrkr stl="display:block;white-space:nowrap;margin-bottom:-1em;overflow:hidden;">...................................smlbrkr>

___ss='lgc'>[notes s cls s="nms">Tehrans> 2023ss='lgc'>]___

s cls s="trms">semios>ticsss='lgc'>: study of the differnce between “what you say ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>~/= what they understand”

(my fundamentalsss='lgc'>:)
<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>sharing ss='lgc'>=/= s cls s="trms">communs>icating<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>

s>آشپز دیو سپیدs>
it is said that the White Div had a cook ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> exploring the s cls s="trms">cosmos>logy of Div (in s s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>Shahnameh) with food, hunting for eating, s cls s="trms">bestiars>y, cooking s cls s="trms">techns>ology, taste
(inspired by anime JYfdfDU9JUY)
ss='at'>#short s cls s="trms">storys>ss='lgc'>: narrartor describes the s cls s="trms">storys> after the defeat of the White Div (Div-e s s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>Sefid) by Rostam. “rather than worring about the kingsmen X, he was more s cls s="trms">inters>ested in what is for dinner...”. there is another being. a baby s cls s="nms">hayulas> (non-formity)... what other beings Div hunts for meat?span> (s cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists>, s cls s="trms">bestiars>y) “he would think about the next hunt X and get exs cls s="trms">cites>d about the kabab of X...”  “immediately asked for more”

dungeons and dragons ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> a non-cartographic space, there are no maps and one only learns by dying many times
dungeon has nothing to do with the medieval prison, it is a deterritorialized habitat, defined precisely by not having a map (or guide) ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> are we in a dungeon?span>

<smlbrkr stl="display:block;white-space:nowrap;margin-bottom:-1em;overflow:hidden;">...................................smlbrkr>

journalismss='lgc'>: profes sional discursive pursuit (of truth, of propaganda, etc.)
ss='lgc'>=/= journalismss='lgc'>: proximity to the event ss='lgc'>+ the risks that that entails

(Ghazzi's notion of) <strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>s cls s="trms">affects>ive proximity<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls> ss='lgc'>: (a mode of consideration, a way) to make sense of local media practitioners’ reporting and witnes sing of suffering in their country
ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> a media practitioner ss='lgc'>=/= the event they are res cls s="trms">presens>ting and participating in
s cls s="trms">affects>ive proximity ss='lgc'>: what locals navigate to reconcile their emotional and s cls s="trms">embods>ied entanglement within events in their country ss='lgc'>=/= discursive

<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>emotional labour<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls> of media practices of local reporters and witnes ses

what the word “revolution” mediates (in s s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>Syria, s cls s="nms">Irans>, etc.) ss='lgc'>[ss='lgc'>~/?span>= civil warss='lgc'>]
stsrd cls s="lstsrd">1. an indication of commitment to a desired goal
stsrd> stsrd cls s="lstsrd">2. an identity marker based on a s cls s="trms">pasts>-oriented lament over what was sought but not achieved
stsrd>
study of s cls s="trms">affects> and emotion in global news ss='lgc'>--(contextualized within)ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> unequal power s cls s="trms">relations>s (ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> journas cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists>ic roles &span> modes ofres cls s="trms">presens>taiton)

user-generated-content
political economy of global war reporting
living with violence

journalism ss='lgc'><ss='lgc'>--?span>ss='lgc'>-ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> s cls s="trms">affects>

s cls s="trms">affects>ive proximity
ss='lgc'>==shapess='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> the boundaries of journ0alism and activism
ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> captures the feeling of being close to violencess='lgc'>:
sts cls s="lsts lst1">•fear for one's life and that of others
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•having to deal emotionally logistically with deaths of s cls s="trms">lovs>ed ones (escape, exile) ss='lgc'>[ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> ss='thdf'>that is why we need an <strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>s cls s="trms">anthrops>ology of the exile<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>ss='lgc'>]
sts> ss='lgc'>}ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> living-in-violence ss='lgc'>=/= encounter, exposure

(Ghazzi is too fast in favoring “s cls s="trms">affects>ive proximity ss='lgc'>=/= western rationalism”, as an s cls s="nms">irans>ian I am more exposed to an <strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>s cls s="trms">affects>ive jurnalism<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls> ss='lgc'>[ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>~= activismss='lgc'>: politically motivated and highly emotive roless='lgc'>] ss='lgc'>=/= journalism as a s cls s="trms">moderns>ist and rationas cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists> institution)
“activism ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>~= jurnalism” ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>~=> they need toss='lgc'>:
stsrd cls s="lstsrd">1. project authenticity and emotion s cls s="trms">ontos> news s cls s="trms">narrats>ives
stsrd> stsrd cls s="lstsrd">2. act as objective witnes ses able to produce truthful accounts
stsrd>
(more and more i feel the s cls s="nms">irans>ians need for ‘activism ss='lgc'>=/= jurnalism’ ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> what one wants to happen ss='lgc'>=/= understanding what is happening)ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> s cls s="trms">epistems>ology ss='lgc'>[the s cls s="trms">questions> of how one makes sense of one's practices ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> in the case of s s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>Syria (also s cls s="nms">Irans>)ss='lgc'>: <strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>s cls s="trms">affects>ive proximity to violence<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls> ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> sensess='lgc'>]

...negotiating the distance of mediation when viewers and producers in the Global North are witnes sing the suffering of others

(in s cls s="nms">Irans>) activism ss='lgc'>+ artss='lgc'> = the human body as tool, medium, s cls s="trms">syms>bol, s cls s="trms">s cls s="trms"nttrm="metaph,metamorph,metabol,metal">metas>phors>

ss='lgc'>[<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>ss='lgc'>]s cls s="trms">affects>ss='lgc'>: circulation ss='lgc'>+ stickines s of emotion (s cls s="trms">ontos> and between bodies, texts, objects, experiences) (ss="ppl">Ahmed)

journalismss='lgc'> = res cls s="trms">presens>t ss='lgc'>+ s cls s="trms">narrats>e

(the ‘trick’ of) relying on the <strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>outsourcing of emotional labour<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls> to non-journas cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists>s (byss='lgc'>:)
sts cls s="lsts lst1">•having them expres s their emotions
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•having the journas cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists> describe them
sts>
(Ghazzi conceptualising the emotional field in journalism ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>-->) <strcls cls s='strcls'>***strcls>unequal power s cls s="trms">relations>s ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> emotioal labor<strcls cls s='strcls'>***strcls>

proximity (ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> what i heard so much when i went back to s cls s="nms">irans>ss='lgc'>: to ke inja insti nemiduni s>تو که اینجا نیستی نمیدونیs>)

<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>s cls s="trms">aesthets>ic of authenticity<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls> in news reports (ss='lgc'><ss='lgc'>-- mobile phones)
political economy of foreign reporting
politics of hope (with an ambition to inspire all s s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>Syrians to rebel)
...emotional attachment to political goals

<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>revolutionss='lgc'>: the event that changes people's lives and in s cls s="trms">relations> to which they locate themselves politically
sts cls s="lsts lst1">•conflict in s s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>Syria began as an uprising, it ended up an s cls s="trms">inters>national war, which in 2020 appears to have mostly cons cls s="trms"nttrm="cluster,club">clus>ded in the favour of the regime ss='lgc'>=/= revolution
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•the word “revolution” means something else to activists in s s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>Syria (how the meanings projected on the term changed in s cls s="trms">accords>ance to circumstances)
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst2">◦(most of the time, artists and activists) <strcls cls s='strcls'>****strcls>use a word to galvanise their emotions and bodies<strcls cls s='strcls'>****strcls> and inspired them to take actions they would not have s cls s="trms">imagis>ned to pursue ss='lgc'>[use of words ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> what people hope ss='lgc'>=/= descriptivess='lgc'>]
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst2">◦word (for example “revolution”)ss='lgc'>: a marker of an <strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>inward-looking description<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls> of belonging to a broad political s cls s="trms">communs>ity defined by ops cls s="trms">posits>ion
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•“the revolution” ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> s cls s="trms">affects>ively s cls s="trms">consums>ed the pursuit of truth
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•an identity-marker (based on a political orientation) ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> an inward-looking signifier to mark who one is ss='lgc'>+ what political s cls s="trms">communs>ity they belong to ss='lgc'>[ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> a politics of what one had wanted ss='lgc'>=/= describe what one observesss='lgc'>]
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•(revolutionss='lgc'>:) personified and humanised as a well-meaning political s cls s="trms">agens>t (that sometimes strays from its goals by committing errors)
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•motivating people to get involved in activism
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•
sts>
(s s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>Said's Orientalism ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>-->) subaltern others (are typically considered) living within a constant state of violence ss='lgc'><ss='lgc'>-- much older Western regime of res cls s="trms">presens>tation perceived them as culturally close to violence

(Ghazzi > ss="ppl">Badiou >) some events are felt as s cls s="trms">histos>ric as they galvanise the energies of political actors who s cls s="trms">imagis>ne themselves as ‘mounting the s cls s="trms">stags>e of s cls s="trms">histos>ry’ ss='lgc'>--Koselleckss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> acts of information dis semination are engulfed by the event and are aimed at bridging the temporal distance between the desired and experienced ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> “journalism ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>~= activism”

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collective s cls s="trms">mems>ory ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> s cls s="trms">histos>rical victimhood ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> consolidating power
(s cls s="trms"nttrm="metaph,metamorph,metabol,metal">metas>-s cls s="trms">histos>ry ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>-->) a view of s cls s="trms">histos>ry as a series of junctures where good fought evil ss='lgc'>==Ghazziss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> s cls s="trms">histos>rical victimhood

global rise of popus cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists> politics ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> s cls s="trms">tropes>s of self-victimisation
sts cls s="lsts lst1">•revolutionary
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•resistance
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•nationalism
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•populism
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•neo-fascism
sts> ss='lgc'>}ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> operationalize victimhood (by whom / against whom)

one is wronged, targeted, injured (by the elite, the media, external enemies)
sts cls s="lsts lst1">•selfss='lgc'> = true underdog ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> victim
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•opponentsss='lgc'> = inauthentic adversary ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> oppres sor
sts> = homogeneous ss='lgc'>+ antagonistic
ss='lgc'>--ss="ppl">Laclauss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> chain of equivalencess='lgc'>: (from) corruptions ss='lgc'>=/= os cls s="trms"nttrm="righ,rigo,riga,rigi,trig,rign">rigs>ins ss='lgc'>--toss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> traitors ss='lgc'>=/= patriots ss='lgc'>--toss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> intruders ss='lgc'>=/= natives ss='lgc'>--toss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> faithles s ss='lgc'>=/= faithful ss='lgc'>--toss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> <strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>subs cls s="trms">mis sions>  ss='lgc'>=/= heroism<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls> and ...
ss='lgc'>}= <strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>populism<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls> (political dialectic)

(s cls s="trms">storys>telling)
sts cls s="lsts lst1">•the s cls s="trms">questions> of <strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>what<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls> a s cls s="trms">socis>ety res cls s="trms">mems>bers ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>-->ss='lgc'>{highly s cls s="trms">formus>laic plot structures ss='lgc'>--forss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> s cls s="trms">narrats>ing the s cls s="trms">pasts>ss='lgc'>}
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•the s cls s="trms">questions> of <strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>how<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls> a s cls s="trms">socis>ety res cls s="trms">mems>bers ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>-->ss='lgc'>{powerful actors push for particular kinds of s cls s="trms">storys> forms that shape the ways they tell all s cls s="trms">storiess>ss='lgc'>}
sts>
zigzag structures of a rise and fall and/or fall and rise of the nation
ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> future dramatically takes one of two routesss='lgc'>: (in the direction of) either a golden age or the dark ages
ss='lgc'>}ss='lgc'>--Ghazziss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> forked s cls s="trms">histos>rical consciousnes s ss='lgc'>: (an understanding &span> speaking of) “s cls s="trms">histos>ryss='lgc'> = a series of junctures scattered acros s time”

(the problem is) <strcls cls s='strcls'>***strcls>s cls s="trms">histos>rical consciousnes s<strcls cls s='strcls'>***strcls> ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> orientational
“bestows upon actuality a temporal direction, an orientation that can guide action intentionally by the s cls s="trms">agens>cy of s cls s="trms">histos>rical s cls s="trms">mems>ory” (Rüsen)
stsrd cls s="lstsrd">1. make s cls s="trms">specifis>c references to s cls s="trms">histos>ric events (compare them to the s cls s="trms">presens>t ss='lgc'>[ss='lgc'>==guidess='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> political actionss='lgc'>])
stsrd> stsrd cls s="lstsrd">2. <strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>making references to “s cls s="trms">histos>ry” at large<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>
stsrd>
ss='lgc'>[<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>ss='lgc'>]zigzag s cls s="trms">mems>ory structuress='lgc'>: deploy mnemonic spins to reframe s cls s="trms">histos>ric events
sts cls s="lsts lst1">•establish equivalent between the s cls s="trms">presens>t and the s cls s="trms">pasts> ss='lgc'>[ss='lgc'>--!ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> (fundamentally despotic?span>) s cls s="trms">techns>ique that i also use in s cls s="trms">lecturs>e performancesss='lgc'>]
sts>

ss="large lg18" stl="font-size:128%"> s cls s="trms">authors>itarian populism

(ss="ppl">Hegelian) ss='lgc'>[<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>ss='lgc'>]actionss='lgc'>: pursue one aspect of s cls s="trms">histos>ry ss='lgc'>+ breaking away from away from another
stsrd cls s="lstsrd">1. (s cls s="trms">moderns>) revolutionaryss='lgc'>: telling a new s cls s="trms">storys>, (ss='lgc'>--popus cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists>ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> focus on) <strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>exs cls s="trms">s cls s="trms"nttrm="cluster,club">clus>sis>onary politics<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>, once the leader is in power the objective is to prolong ss='thdf'>the idea of s cls s="trms">histos>ric juncture ss='lgc'>--justifyss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> continued exs cls s="trms">s cls s="trms"nttrm="cluster,club">clus>sis>on
stsrd>
popus cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists> ss='lgc'>--ss="ppl">Laclauss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> (invocation of)
sts cls s="lsts lst1">•peopless='lgc'> = empty signifier
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•leaderss='lgc'> = s cls s="trms">embods>iment of people's s cls s="trms">agens>cy
sts>
<strcls cls s='strcls'>***strcls>s cls s="trms">rhetors>ic of resentment<strcls cls s='strcls'>***strcls> ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> victimhood
ss='lgc'>[<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>ss='lgc'>]resentmentss='lgc'>: an emotional-moral framework ss='lgc'>--aimss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> continuously regenerate the felt intensities ss='lgc'>--unders cls s="trms">writs>ess='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> s cls s="trms">demands>s for revenge ss='lgc'>+ lamentations (of victimhood)

<strcls cls s='strcls'>***strcls>nationalism ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> populism<strcls cls s='strcls'>***strcls>

(many countries) national identity (& militancy) is s cls s="trms">inters>twined withss='lgc'>:
sts cls s="lsts lst1">•s cls s="trms">narrats>ive of self-victimization ss='lgc'>--
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•invocation of trauma
sts>
victorious victimhood ss='lgc'>==fuelsss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> aggres sive militancy
for example ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> Israelss='lgc'>: nothing counts as evidence as one's own empowerment, one is always under threat, if Israel cannot maintain the omnipotent s cls s="trms">posits>ion that its victory offered (1967) it would be under existential threat

anticolonial nationalism (or postcolonial populism)
sts cls s="lsts lst1">•s cls s="trms">pasts> injury (“We have been oppres sed” ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> “re-empower ourselves again”)
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•decades after independence ss='lgc'>--stillss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> fixated on the anticolonial moment ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> perpetuate a sense of victimhood ss='lgc'>}ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> to mask s cls s="trms">authors>itarianism
sts>
victimhood
sts cls s="lsts lst1">•Hindu nationalism ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> res cls s="trms">formus>lated s cls s="trms">histos>ry from a focus on colonialism and postcolonial nation-building into a s cls s="trms">narrats>ive of victimhood that blames s cls s="trms">histos>ric Muslim invasions for the decline of Hindu civilisation and nationhood
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•China ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> res cls s="trms">formus>lated its school s cls s="trms">histos>ry texts cls s="trms">books>s to stres s victimhood and humiliation through ss='thdf'>the idea of China's “100 years of humiliation” in reference to Western and Japanese invasions
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•United s s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>States ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> nationalism often takes the shape of antipathy to government that is enmeshed with an ideology of liberal individualism
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•
sts> ss='lgc'>}ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> <strcls cls s='strcls'>***strcls>logic of empowerment<strcls cls s='strcls'>***strcls> (ss='lgc'>--permeatess='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> economies of visibility)

<strcls cls s='strcls'>***strcls>s cls s="trms">mems>ory s cls s="trms">narrats>ive<strcls cls s='strcls'>***strcls>

s cls s="nms">irans> ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> shohada s>شهداs> martyrs of s cls s="nms">irans>-iraq war ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> after the war became the picture of collective victimhood (“heroesss='lgc'> = us”)

Erdogan's speech
“we have been tested by fire” (ss='lgc'>--?span>ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> s s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>Siavash's fire trial is popus cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists>?span>)
ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>~= “we have been tested by enemy”
ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>~= “evil forces”

(from) populism ss='lgc'>--toss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> neofascism
(from) generic s cls s="trms">rhetors>ic of an unidentified enemy ss='lgc'>--toss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> s cls s="trms">articulats>ion of an identifiable foe (who is met with political violence)

ss="large lg18" stl="font-size:100%"> s cls s="trms">authors>itarian state s cls s="trms">apparatuss> ss='lgc'>[= political s cls s="trms">syss>tem ss='lgc'>+ culture ss='lgc'>+ institutions ss='lgc'>+ ?span>ss='lgc'>] ss='lgc'>--allowss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> smoother way of operationalisation of s cls s="trms">narrats>ives (about the ds cls s="trms"nttrm="danger,stranger">angers>s of adversaries)
-exactly what kind of state s cls s="trms">apparatuss> we have in s cls s="nms">irans>?span>
span>

s cls s="trms">histos>rical victimhood ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> resurgent popus cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists> discourse
sts cls s="lsts lst1">•people have been enduring victimhood for too long
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•fateful junctures throughout s cls s="trms">histos>ry
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•authentic great path
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•urgency of mes sage
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•
sts>
animating s cls s="trms">rhetors>ic with self-victimhood ss='lgc'>==producess='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> divisions (men ss='lgc'>=/= women, us ss='lgc'>=/= enemy, etc.)

exs cls s="trms">s cls s="trms"nttrm="cluster,club">clus>sis>onary politics ss='lgc'><ss='lgc'>-- homogeneous s cls s="trms">communs>ity (ss='lgc'>=/= alien intrusion, outside forces, immigrants, minorities, etc.)

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Kundera
is humor s cls s="trms">moderns>?span>
<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls>humor is not ancient<strcls cls s='strcls'>*strcls> (?span>!)
“whatever humor touches it ambiguites”
humorss='lgc'> = ambiguitor

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globalization ss='lgc'>=/= cold war
globalization ss='lgc'>=/= enlightenment (“universal humanism ss='lgc'>+ rationalized tech ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> freedom for all”)

cold warss='lgc'> = a meaningfull s cls s="trms">relations> between ideology &span> power ss='lgc'>[ss='lgc'>==givess='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> orientation ss='lgc'>+ identity ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> normative approach to global s cls s="trms">phenomens>ass='lgc'>]
geopolitc ss='lgc'>+ ideologic borders
ss='lgc'>=/=
globalization ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> completly s cls s="trms">differens>t political behaivor (des cls s="trms">finits>ions of national goals, friend and enemy, etc.) ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> ps cls s="trms"nttrm="failure,blur,plur,lurk,tallur,slur">lurs>as cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists> democracy (s cls s="trms">differens>ces ss='lgc'>+ contrasts) ss='lgc'>=/= s cls s="trms">socis>al democracy (erasing s cls s="trms">differens>ces)

globalizationss='lgc'> = attitude s>حالتs> ss='lgc'>=/= meaning
ss='lgc'>[cold warss='lgc'>: “s cls s="trms">worlds> ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>~= (a s cls s="trms">sorts> of) problem” ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>--> behaviors hadss='lgc'>] meaning ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> (base for) power

cold warss='lgc'>: war ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>==> identities
globalizationss='lgc'>: conflits ss='lgc'>ss='lgc'>=/=> identities

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two points
sts cls s="lsts lst1">•artistic researchss='lgc'>: a form of art that uses knowls cls s="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edges> as its main medium
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•artistic research has no s cls s="trms">relations> to the unknown (ss='lgc'>=/= an idea of research im in which one faces something unknown or new therefore needs to research)
sts> sts cls s="lsts lst1">•my workspan> (in general) has been about the critique of engineering (the talent of engineering)
sts>
ss="brkr">
the fos sil of fire goes back before the s cls s="trms">wilds>-life

the s cls s="trms">histos>ry of fire related to the s cls s="trms">histos>ry of forest

In the 1950s, government officials in s s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>Sierra Juarez of Oaxacass='lgc'>--in southern Mexicoss='lgc'>--blamed forest destruction upon the local indigenous s cls s="trms">communs>ities. Fire, as a s cls s="trms">syms>bol of disorder, became the target of state control and the subject of a state-sponsored discourse of environmental degradation. ss='lgc'>[...ss='lgc'>] Fire suppres sion frequently has been part of state policies of s cls s="trms">socis>al control. ss='lgc'>[...ss='lgc'>] The vision of fire as destructive, part of the state s cls s="trms">narrats>ive ss='lgc'>[...ss='lgc'>] How has the s cls s="trms">mems>ory of the traditional use of fire by indigenous s cls s="trms">communs>ities been suppres sed?span> ss='lgc'>[...ss='lgc'>]s s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>State political myth has obscured s cls s="trms">communs>ity s cls s="trms">mems>ories of fire as a force in the forest, and as a tool for human use. ss='lgc'>[...ss='lgc'>] Why the indigenous s cls s="trms">communs>ities of the s s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>Sierra Juarez no longer talk about the long-term s cls s="trms">histos>ry of their forests. Clearly, the s cls s="trms">communs>ities s cls s="trms">inters>nalized parts of the state-sponsored degradation discourse. (However, discourse analysis is not enough; it is all too easy to treat discourse as a monolithic structure of ideasss='lgc'>[...ss='lgc'>] ) ss='lgc'>[...ss='lgc'>] These discourses require a threat, a source of chaos and disorder to which the moral regeneration of the progres sive discourse can provide a solution. In the case of the s s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>Sierra juarez, forest fires provide this ops cls s="trms">posits>ion. ss='lgc'>[...ss='lgc'>] It is exactly this resistance of the s cls s="trms">naturs>al s cls s="trms">worlds> to discursive domination that is one of the themes of this article. ss='lgc'>[1ss='lgc'>]

ss='lgc'>[1ss='lgc'>]ANDREWs s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>SA LVADORMA THEWs s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>S - suppres sing FIRE AND MEMORYss='lgc'>: ENVIRONMENTALDE GRADATIONAN D POLITICALRE s s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>STORATION INT HEs s='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=S'>S IERRAJ UAREZO F OAXACA, 1887-2001

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Jinn older and Man

s cls s="trms">ecologs>y of the Jinn

(Qur'an)
raging fire
scorched by burning fire
striking sparks of fire
and roasting at hell-fire
the fire of Allah, kindled
...

bringing together of two homogeneous blocks of s cls s="trms">materis>al in a given, als cls s="trms"nttrm="already,spread">reads>y-inhabited space

as if we knew what space and time mean

“the desert bighorn is an s cls s="trms">animals> shaped by ice. ss='lgc'>[...ss='lgc'>] the design of s cls s="trms">wilds> sheep is very much an expres sion of arctic cold.” (ss="ppl">Meloy)
(what the design of fire is as expres sion of?span> what shaped fire?span> ice?span>)
(we are shaped also by fire)

how you go from lizard to s cls s="trms">birds>?span>
it must have been through the behavior of lizard that ‘s cls s="trms">birds>nes s’ has come to be pos sible. a certain trait of behavior have allowed the lizard find itself in the air.

ice age
s cls s="trms">storys> of fire, s cls s="trms">storys> of gras s, ...

ss="large lg6" stl="font-size:100%"> after the establishment of a land-based flora (Middle Ordovician period, 470 million years ago) and permitting the accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere it permitted the pos sibility of s cls s="trms">wilds>fire.

Fire also became more abundant when gras ses radiated and became the dominant component of many ecos cls s="trms">syss>tems, around 6 to 7 million years ago;

magnetic protein biocompass [source: http://www.nature.com/nmat/journal/v15/n2/full/nmat4484.html] <smlbrkr stl="display:block;white-space:nowrap;margin-bottom:-1em;overflow:hidden;">...................................smlbrkr>

electrical fire

conflict between the “junk” and the “text” that seemed to fascinate

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how to s cls s="trms">writs>e cold with fire?span> the medium of fire is incompatible with that of the paper. paper burns fire off! the combustion emerging elements energized by their contact fuels a sudden blow of increase in their exs cls s="trms">cites>d entropy. flame. action is the breeze that death digs. foam knows no halt. the focus is noised and seeds location. place penetrates in shattery nozzles os cls s="trms"nttrm="righ,rigo,riga,rigi,trig,rign">rigs>inating from thousands of nowheres. inferno's insurance is about aggres sion of hot.

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B) Bad, Barricades, Battle, Blacken, Blame, Blanket, Blast, Blaze, Bs cls s="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">lists>er, Blow out, Breeze, Burning, Burns, Bystander
C) Car, Careles s, Catastrophe, Caution, Challenge, Char, Chimney, Choice, Claim, Conflagration, s cls s="trms">Consums>e, s cls s="trms">Consums>ption, Contain, Control, Coordination, Crackle, Crash
D) Damage, Death, Destruction, Detect, Dig, Direction, Dirty, Dispatch, Drama
E) Electrical, Embers, Emergency, EMT, Engulf, Experience, Explode, Extinguish
F) Facts, Fais cls s="trms"nttrm="failure,blur,plur,lurk,tallur,slur">lurs>e, Fared, Fascination, Fell, Fierce, Fire-break, Firefighter, Fireplace, Flames, Flammable, Flash, Foam, Focus, Fs cls s="trms"nttrm="righ,rigo,riga,rigi,trig,rign">rigs>ht, Fuel
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H) Halt, Happening, Holocaust, Home, Hose, Hot, Hot spot, House, Hydrant
I) Inacces sible, Inferno, Injury, Insurance, s cls s="trms">Inters>fere, Investigation
J) Judgment, Juriss cls s="trms">dictis>on
K) Kindle, Knowls cls s="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edges>
L) Laboring, Life-threatening, Lightening strike, Limitations, Lives, Location, Los ses, Luck
M) Malfunction, Matches, Mechanical, Medical attention, s cls s="trms">Mems>ory, Mesmerize, Misery
N) Needs, Nine-one-one, Noise, Nozzle
O) Observe, Odor, Ordeal, Os cls s="trms"nttrm="righ,rigo,riga,rigi,trig,rign">rigs>in
P) Paramedic, Penetration, Place, Police, Potency, Potential, Prevention, Progres s, Prone, Pumps
Q) Quench, Quick
R) Reaction, Repellent, Requirement, Residue, Risk
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T) Tactic, Target, Terror, s cls s="trms">Thicks>, Threaten, Trailer, Training, Trees, Trench
U) Uncontrolled, Urgent
V) Victim, Vigilant, Volunteers
W) Watch, Water, Weaknes s, Weather, s cls s="trms">Wilds>ernes s, W[...]