[...]s of ="trms">story forms that shape the ways they tell all ="trms">stories='lgc'>}

zigzag structures of a rise and fall and/or fall and rise of the nation
='lgc'>='lgc'>--> future dramatically takes one of two routes='lgc'>: (in the direction of) either a golden age or the dark ages
='lgc'>}='lgc'>--Ghazzi='lgc'>='lgc'>--> forked ="trms">historical consciousness ='lgc'>: (an understanding ='and'>& speaking of) “="trms">history='lgc'> = a series of junctures scattered across time”


(the problem is) ='strcls'>***="trms">historical consciousness='strcls'>*** ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> orientational
“bestows upon actuality a temporal direction, an orientation that can guide action intentionally by the ="trms">agency of ="trms">historical ="trms">memory” (Rüsen)
="lstsrd">1. make ="trms">specific references to ="trms">historic events (compare them to the ="trms">present ='lgc'>[='lgc'>==guide='lgc'>='lgc'>==> political action='lgc'>])
="lstsrd">2. ='strcls'>*making references to “="trms">history” at large='strcls'>*

='lgc'>[='strcls'>*='lgc'>]zigzag ="trms">memory structure='lgc'>: deploy mnemonic spins to reframe ="trms">historic events
="lsts lst1">•establish equivalent between the ="trms">present and the ="trms">past ='lgc'>[='lgc'>--!='lgc'>='lgc'>--> (fundamentally despotic='qstn'>?) ="trms">technique that i also use in ="trms">lecture performances='lgc'>]

="large lg2" stl="font-size:110%">
="trms">authoritarian populism


(="ppl">Hegelian) ='lgc'>[='strcls'>*='lgc'>]action='lgc'>: pursue one aspect of ="trms">history ='lgc'>+ breaking away from away from another
="lstsrd">1. (="trms">modern) revolutionary='lgc'>: telling a new ="trms">story, (='lgc'>--popu="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">list='lgc'>='lgc'>--> focus on) ='strcls'>*ex="trms">="trms"nttrm="cluster,club">clusionary politics='strcls'>*, once the leader is in power the objective is to prolong ='thdf'>the idea of ="trms">historic juncture ='lgc'>--justify='lgc'>='lgc'>--> continued ex="trms">="trms"nttrm="cluster,club">clusion

popu="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">list ='lgc'>--="ppl">Laclau='lgc'>='lgc'>--> (invocation of)
="lsts lst1">•people='lgc'> = empty signifier
="lsts lst1">•leader='lgc'> = ="trms">embodiment of people's ="trms">agency

='strcls'>***="trms">rhetoric of resentment='strcls'>*** ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> victimhood
='lgc'>[='strcls'>*='lgc'>]resentment='lgc'>: an emotional-moral framework ='lgc'>--aim='lgc'>='lgc'>--> continuously regenerate the felt intensities ='lgc'>--under="trms">write='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ="trms">demands for revenge ='lgc'>+ lamentations (of victimhood)


='strcls'>***nationalism ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> populism='strcls'>***

(many countries) national identity (& militancy) is ="trms">intertwined with='lgc'>:
="lsts lst1">•="trms">narrative of self-victimization ='lgc'>--
="lsts lst1">•invocation of trauma

victorious victimhood ='lgc'>==fuels='lgc'>='lgc'>==> aggressive militancy
for example ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> Israel='lgc'>: nothing counts as evidence as one's own empowerment, one is always under threat, if Israel cannot maintain the omnipotent ="trms">position that its victory offered (1967) it would be under existential threat

anticolonial nationalism (or postcolonial populism)
="lsts lst1">•="trms">past injury (“We have been oppressed” ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> “re-empower ourselves again”)
="lsts lst1">•decades after independence ='lgc'>--still='lgc'>='lgc'>--> fixated on the anticolonial moment ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> perpetuate a sense of victimhood ='lgc'>}='lgc'>='lgc'>--> to mask ="trms">authoritarianism

victimhood
="lsts lst1">•Hindu nationalism ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> re="trms">formulated ="trms">history from a focus on colonialism and postcolonial nation-building into a ="trms">narrative of victimhood that blames ="trms">historic Muslim invasions for the decline of Hindu civilisation and nationhood
="lsts lst1">•China ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> re="trms">formulated its school ="trms">history text="trms">books to stress victimhood and humiliation through ='thdf'>the idea of China's “100 years of humiliation” in reference to Western and Japanese invasions
="lsts lst1">•United States ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> nationalism often takes the shape of antipathy to government that is enmeshed with an ideology of liberal individualism
="lsts lst1">•
='lgc'>}='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ='strcls'>***logic of empowerment='strcls'>*** (='lgc'>--permeate='lgc'>='lgc'>--> economies of visibility)


='strcls'>***="trms">memory ="trms">narrative='strcls'>***


="nms">iran ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> shohada شهدا martyrs of ="nms">iran-iraq war ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> after the war became the picture of collective victimhood (“heroes='lgc'> = us”)

Erdogan's speech
“we have been tested by fire” (='lgc'>--='qstn'>?='lgc'>='lgc'>--> Siavash's fire trial is popu="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">list='qstn'>?)
='lgc'>~= “we have been tested by enemy”
='lgc'>~= “evil forces”

="large lg1" stl="font-size:137%">
(from) populism ='lgc'>--to='lgc'>='lgc'>--> neofascism
(from) generic ="trms">rhetoric of an unidentified enemy ='lgc'>--to='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ="trms">articulation of an identifiable foe (who is met with political violence)

="trms">authoritarian state ="trms">apparatus ='lgc'>[= political ="trms">system ='lgc'>+ culture ='lgc'>+ institutions ='lgc'>+ ='qstn'>?='lgc'>] ='lgc'>--allow='lgc'>='lgc'>--> smoother way of operationalisation of ="trms">narratives (about the d="trms"nttrm="danger,stranger">angers of adversaries)
="prgrph">-exactly what kind of state ="trms">apparatus we have in ="nms">iran='qstn'>?


="trms">historical victimhood ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> resurgent popu="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">list discourse
="lsts lst1">•people have been enduring victimhood for too long
="lsts lst1">•fateful junctures throughout ="trms">history
="lsts lst1">•authentic great path
="lsts lst1">•urgency of message
="lsts lst1">•

animating ="trms">rhetoric with self-victimhood ='lgc'>==produce='lgc'>='lgc'>==> divisions (men ='lgc'>=/= women, us ='lgc'>=/= enemy, etc.)



ex="trms">="trms"nttrm="cluster,club">clusionary politics ='lgc'><='lgc'>-- homogeneous ="trms">community (='lgc'>=/= alien intrusion, outside forces, immigrants, minorities, etc.)

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Kundera
is humor ="trms">modern='qstn'>?
='strcls'>*humor is not ancient='strcls'>* (='qstn'>?!)
“whatever humor touches it ambiguites”
humor='lgc'> = ambiguitor

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globalization ='lgc'>=/= cold war
globalization ='lgc'>=/= enlightenment (“universal humanism ='lgc'>+ rationalized tech ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> freedom for all”)

cold war='lgc'> = a meaningfull ="trms">relation between ideology ='and'>& power ='lgc'>[='lgc'>==give='lgc'>='lgc'>==> orientation ='lgc'>+ identity ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> normative approach to global ="trms">phenomena='lgc'>]
geopolitc ='lgc'>+ ideologic borders
='lgc'>=/=
globalization ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> completly ="trms">different political behaivor (de="trms">finitions of national goals, friend and enemy, etc.) ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> p="trms"nttrm="failure,blur,plur,lurk,tallur,slur">lura="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">list democracy (="trms">differences ='lgc'>+ contrasts) ='lgc'>=/= ="trms">social democracy (erasing ="trms">differences)

globalization='lgc'> = attitude حالت ='lgc'>=/= meaning
='lgc'>[cold war='lgc'>: “="trms">world ='lgc'>~= (a ="trms">sort of) problem” ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> behaviors had='lgc'>] meaning ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> (base for) power

cold war='lgc'>: war ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> identities
globalization='lgc'>: conflits ='lgc'>='lgc'>=/=> identities

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two points
="lsts lst1">•artistic research='lgc'>: a form of art that uses knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge as its main medium
="lsts lst1">•artistic research has no ="trms">relation to the unknown (='lgc'>=/= an idea of research im in which one faces something unknown or new therefore needs to research)
="lsts lst1">•='mywrk'>my work (in general) has been about the critique of engineering (the talent of engineering)

="brkr">
the fossil of fire goes back before the ="trms">wild-life

the ="trms">history of fire related to the ="trms">history of forest

In the 1950s, government officials in Sierra Juarez of Oaxaca='lgc'>--in southern Mexico='lgc'>--blamed forest destruction upon the local indigenous ="trms">communities. Fire, as a ="trms">symbol of disorder, became the target of state control and the subject of a state-sponsored discourse of environmental degradation. ='lgc'>[...='lgc'>] Fire suppression frequently has been part of state policies of ="trms">social control. ='lgc'>[...='lgc'>] The vision of fire as destructive, part of the state ="trms">narrative ='lgc'>[...='lgc'>] How has the ="trms">memory of the traditional use of fire by indigenous ="trms">communities been suppressed='qstn'>? ='lgc'>[...='lgc'>]State political myth has obscured ="trms">community ="trms">memories of fire as a force in the forest, and as a tool for human use. ='lgc'>[...='lgc'>] Why the indigenous ="trms">communities of the Sierra Juarez no longer talk about the long-term ="trms">history of their forests. Clearly, the ="trms">communities ="trms">internalized parts of the state-sponsored degradation discourse. (However, discourse analysis is not enough; it is all too easy to treat discourse as a monolithic structure of ideas='lgc'>[...='lgc'>] ) ='lgc'>[...='lgc'>] These discourses require a threat, a source of chaos and disorder to which the moral regeneration of the progressive discourse can provide a solution. In the case of the Sierra juarez, forest fires provide this op="trms">position. ='lgc'>[...='lgc'>] It is exactly this resistance of the ="trms">natural ="trms">world to discursive domination that is one of the themes of this article. ='lgc'>[1='lgc'>]

='lgc'>[1='lgc'>]ANDREWSA LVADORMA THEWS - suppressing FIRE AND MEMORY='lgc'>: ENVIRONMENTALDE GRADATIONAN D POLITICALRE STORATION INT HES IERRAJ UAREZO F OAXACA, 1887-2001

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Jinn older and Man

="trms">ecology of the Jinn


="large lg3" stl="font-size:110%"> (Qur'an)
raging fire
scorched by burning fire
striking sparks of fire
and roasting at hell-fire
the fire of Allah, kindled
...



bringing together of two homogeneous blocks of ="trms">material in a given, al="trms"nttrm="already,spread">ready-inhabited space

="large lg4" stl="font-size:112%"> as if we knew what space and time mean



“the desert bighorn is an ="trms">animal shaped by ice. ='lgc'>[...='lgc'>] the design of ="trms">wild sheep is very much an expression of arctic cold.” (="ppl">Meloy)
(what the design of fire is as expression of='qstn'>? what shaped fire='qstn'>? ice='qstn'>?)
(we are shaped also by fire)

how you go from lizard to ="trms">bird='qstn'>?
it must have been through the behavior of lizard that ‘="trms">birdness’ has come to be possible. a certain trait of behavior have allowed the lizard find itself in the air.

="large lg5" stl="font-size:123%">
ice age
="trms">story of fire, ="trms">story of grass, ...

after the establishment of a land-based flora (Middle Ordovician period, 470 million years ago) and permitting the accumulation o[...]