[...] ="trms">horror ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> bodies sacrificed to nothing


='lgc'>[='strcls'>*='lgc'>]sacrifice='lgc'>: a body's passage to a limit where it becomes the body of a ="trms">community

="large lg2" stl="font-size:111%"> (after Christ ='lgc'>='lgc'>-->) body is nothing but a wound ='lgc'>=/= illness

(when it persists) pain ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> I'm not well, I'm in trouble, therefore I am.

jouissance='lgc'>: a pain that succeeds ='lgc'><='lgc'>-- a place where being, utterly exposed, is external to itself


='lgc'>[='strcls'>*='lgc'>]body='lgc'>: surplus of objectivity

our body acts as a traumatic place (that causes a series of fai="trms"nttrm="failure,blur,plur,lurk,tallur,slur">lures)

(idiot's seizure) epilepsy
Then suddenly something seemed torn asunder before him; his soul was flooded with intense inner light. The moment lasted perhaps half a second, yet he clearly and consciously re="trms">membered the beginning, the first sound of the fearful scream which broke of itself from his breast and which he could not have checked by any effort. Then his consciousness was instantly extinguished and complete darkness followed.

(going to fetal ="trms">position)
seizure='lgc'>: an enactment of a wish to return to the womb
epilepsy ='lgc'>--Sutterman='lgc'>='lgc'>--> sadomasochistic phantasms that feature the self as murdered ="trms">child

breaking a prized vase
delivering rants in place of conversation

Dostoevsky's idiot='lgc'>:
="lsts lst1">•repugnant
="lsts lst1">•uncanny
="lsts lst1">•a kind of ="ppl">Bataillean reversal (at bottom is unmistakably ="frds scrmbld"nttrm="Christianson">Christian)
="lsts lst1">•provokes ="trms">love

="trms">according to Dostoevsky='lgc'>: ='strcls'>*idiot ='lgc'>==provoke='lgc'>='lgc'>==> ="trms">love='strcls'>*

Faust had reported that two souls inhabit his body ='lgc'>[='lgc'>='lgc'>==> switching body types='lgc'>] ='lgc'>{='lgc'>='lgc'>--> two sick bodies='lgc'>} (="trms">hallucinated ='lgc'>+ ="trms">internalized)
="lstsrd">1. the ailing body ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> you can get rid off with ="trms">drugs (dealt with Mep="trms">histopheles)
="lstsrd">2. the abandoned body ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> inglorious corpse

body doubles reflecting one another (='lgc'>-='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ='gtrw'>go to mirror)

="ppl">Avital ='lgc'>--='not'>✕='lgc'>='lgc'>--> movements ='lgc'>[such='lgc'>] as ="trms">Positive Action, ="trms">Positive Choices, and the marks of similar tags of empowerment that issue from the hope that we know what we’re doing, that we can take charge and act up and affirm our bodies, our selves, that we can now stop being victims and relinquish passivity.

torturer ='lgc'><='lgc'>='lgc'>--> healer

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شطح shath='lgc'>: ="trms">literary ="trms">technique (san'at adabi صنعت ادبی)
(jCzF0RD-a_M)
shath='lgc'>: contradictory speech (kofr ='lgc'>+ iman)

del-bari (dressing up and going out='lgc'>[='qstn'>?='lgc'>]) ='lgc'>=/= gush be harf kasi dadan (="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">listening)
گوش به حرف کسی دادن ='lgc'>=/= دلبری

خجسته khojaste='lgc'>: thinking all the time that everyone is saying hello to you

="ppl">Hafez='lgc'> = connected pockets of meaning ='lgc'>=/= ="ppl">Ferdosi's organized pockets of meaning ='lgc'>=/= ="trms">bestiary's ="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">listed pockets of meaning

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indian ocean diaspora
indian ocean slave trade ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> atlantic slave trade and the new-="trms">world diaspora

Lee ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> influence of African and afro-="nms">iranian people on other ="nms">iranians and on persian ="trms">society and culture

Ziba ="ppl">Khanum (d. 1932 Yazd)
the life of one enslaved African woman who lived in ="nms">iran
(recovering what can be recovered of their industrial lives)

="nms">iranian ="trms">history ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> issues of='lgc'>:
="lsts lst1">•race
="lsts lst1">•gender
="lsts lst1">•="trms">religion
="lsts lst1">•elite ="trms">social and economic ="trms">networks
="lsts lst1">•="trms">nature of slavery
="lsts lst1">•value of subaltern ="trms">history


='thdf'>the idea of (academioc study of) ="trms">history='lgc'>: study of structures, institutions, abstractions ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> ="trms">generalizing ="trms">categories (such as slavery, freedom, ="trms">modernization, etc.) ='lgc'>=/= (biographical turn) towards biography of one woman

='strcls'>****(biography ='lgc'>~~>) ='strcls'>*personal experience='strcls'>* ='lgc'>=/= (="trms">category of) slavery='lgc'>: an abstraction that bunches together and confuses ="trms">historical instances of displacement, isolation, dependence, unfree labor='strcls'>****
(='lgc'>--="nms">Cinderella='lgc'>='lgc'>-->)
personal experience ='lgc'>=/= displacement
personal experience ='lgc'>=/= isolation
personal experience ='lgc'>=/= dependence
personal experience ='lgc'>=/= unfree labor


19th century ="nms">iran (='lgc'>='lgc'>--> estimations='lgc'>:)
="lsts lst1">•one/two million slaves exported into persian gulf (to Bandar Abbas in ="nms">iran) from east-african/indian-ocean trade
="lsts lst1">•two-thirds of the slaves were african woman and girls, almost always destined for residence in wealthy households (as domestic servants and concubines)

1868 census conducted in ="nms">Tehran='lgc'>: 2.6='prcnt'>% of the civilian population of the city was designates as african slaves and/or “household servants”

="trms">categories of slave/servant in shii ="nms">iran='lgc'>:
="lsts lst1">•nokar نوکر male servantkh
="lsts lst1">•khedmatkar خدمتکار female servant
="lsts lst1">•kaniz siah کنیز سیاه female black slave/servant
="lsts lst1">•khajeh خواجه male black slave/servant
="lsts lst1">•gholam siah غلام سیاه male black slave/servant

issues of='lgc'>:
="lsts lst1">•race
="lsts lst1">•="trms">religion
="lsts lst1">•assimilation ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ='strcls'>*enslaved africans were not given (arabic) muslim names, but were assigned persian names as part of the process of assimilation into persian households='strcls'>* ='lgc'>[Dade='lgc'>: persian for nanny, nursemaid='lgc'>]


Ziba ="ppl">Khanum
she is re="trms">membered by her great-grand="trms">children as their earliest ="trms">ancestor
her descendants relate ="trms">different ="trms">stories of her o="trms"nttrm="righ,rigo,riga,rigi,trig,rign">rigin as part of family lore
she was purchased in Zanzibar, others sug="trms">gest Mombasa (='lgc'>='lgc'>--> as commodities slaves were classified by country of o="trms"nttrm="righ,rigo,riga,rigi,trig,rign">rigin='lgc'>: habashis were regarded as the most beautiful, intelligent, expensive slaves, followed by bambasis, then nubis and zanjis ='lgc'>[these term refere to the ports='lgc'>])

="large lg3" stl="font-size:112%"> ="trms">modern rationalization for Ziba's sexual ="trms">relationshipto Haji Muhammad ="frds scrmbld"nttrm="Alice,Shariati">Ali='lgc'>:
="lsts lst1">•Haji took her a concubine wuth the per="trms">mission of his wife
="lsts lst1">•because his wife was sick and could no longer serve him
="lsts lst1">•master married Ziba after his wife's death

there were no barriers (either legal, ="trms">religious, moral) to a master taking a slave as his concubine
both ='strcls'>*slavery='strcls'>* and ='strcls'>*concubinage='strcls'>* were recognize and regulated by islamic law (shari'a)

umm-walad ام ولد mother of the son ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> slave woman کنیز impregnated by her owner, thereby bearing a ="trms">child
='lgc'>--Lee='lgc'>-> slave woman might, under these circmustances, have a strong incentive to bear a ="trms">child by her master, in order to move toward the center of her master's household, to protect herself from sale, to free her ="trms">child and herself, and to in="trms">herit part of the master's wealth (through her offspring) ='lgc'><='lgc'>-- the sexual aspects of the ="trms">relationship were considered incidental ضمنی and carried no moral stigma or ="trms">social shame ='lgc'>[='lgc'>=/= ="trms">children born to slave fathers were slaves='lgc'>]


="large lg4" stl="font-size:112%"> gathering of men (were held regularly) as ="trms">social occasions for business, entertainment, smoke opium, etc.

clandestine conversations were not unusual

shari'a was ="trms">interpreted and administrated by shii clerics in Yazd, and there was always room for manipulation of the law


Ziba ="ppl">Khanum's ="trms">situation illustrates the problem of applying western legal ="trms">categories of “slave” and “free” to the lived experience of enslaved women in ="nms">iran
(her legal status as a free woman had little consequence ='lgc'><='lgc'>-- she remained dependent of the family and lived in their household)

="large lg5" stl="font-size:151%"> ='strcls'>***limited value of “slave ='lgc'>=/= free” ='lgc'>--Lee='lgc'>='lgc'>--> when applied to the study of muslim ="trms">world='strcls'>***
="trms">modern state ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> “slave ='lgc'>=/= free” (pre="trms">supposing a secular state that is able to guarantee the lives and properties of individuals who can claim its protection) ='lgc'>}='lgc'><='lgc'>-- ="trms">societies that are constructed around the ideas of='lgc'>:
="trms"nttrm="righ,rigo,riga,rigi,trig,rign">rights, citizenship, secular state ='lgc'>=/=
   |            |           |
kinship, belonging, ="trms">religious ="trms">authority, hierarchies of dependence (='lgc'><='lgc'>-- middle east)

19th century ="nms">iran ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> there was no ideal within the ="trms">society of freedom from ="trms">relationships (of kinship, household, belonging, ="trms">community solidarity, wealthy patron)='lgc'>--with='lgc'>='lgc'>--> implications of dependence, obedience, ="trms">obligation
="lsts lst1">•any such freedom would have left an individual ='strcls'>*isolated='strcls'>* and ='strcls'>*vulnerable='strcls'>*

='strcls'>****
all enslaved persons (and akk other persons) in 19th century ="nms">iran necessarily were ='strcls'>*embedded in muslim households='strcls'>* and moved along a continuum of whatever ="trms">situation of power, respect, wealth, independence they might be able to ='strcls'>*negotiate='strcls'>*
='at'>#="nms">Cinderella
='strcls'>****

women ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> at the margins of wealth and power ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> slave women most especailly (they moved toward the center by='lgc'>:)
="lstsrd">1. performed valuable domestic duties
="lstsrd">2. became the master's regular sexual partner
="lstsrd">3. bore the master ="trms">child

the goal of most women (slave or not) om 19th century ="nms">iran ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> to negotiate the most respected ="trms">position (within the family that they found themselv[...]