[...]='lgc'>=/= ="trms">system

infrastructure perspective='lgc'>:
="lsts lst1">•modular
="lsts lst1">•multi-layered, multi-scaled (layered ="trms">nature of infrastructure, navigating among ="trms">different scales)
="lsts lst1">•rough-cut character
="lsts lst1">•="trms">ecologies/complex adaptive ="trms">systems
='lgc'>='lgc'>-->='strcls'>** infrastructures consist of numerous ="trms">systems, each with unique ='strcls'>*o="trms"nttrm="righ,rigo,riga,rigi,trig,rign">rigins and ='strcls'>*goals, which are made to ="trms">interoperate by means of ='strcls'>*standards, socket layers ='lgc'>[='lgc'>: a bony hollow into which a structure fits='lgc'>], ="trms">social norms, and individual behaviors that smooth out connections among them
='lgc'>=/=
="trms">system perspective='lgc'>:
="lsts lst1">•fully coherent
="lsts lst1">•deliberately engineered
="lsts lst1">•end-to-end process


="large lg2" stl="font-size:112%"> (Weinberger's notion of) ='strcls'>*stoping point='strcls'>*
“knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge as a series of stopping points”
="lsts lst1">•printed journal articles
="lsts lst1">•="trms">books
="lsts lst1">•text="trms">books
="lsts lst1">•(other fixed products)
='lgc'>--='lgc'>[changing to='lgc'>]='lgc'>='lgc'>--> a ="trms">world where knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge is perceptually in motion ='lgc'>}='lgc'>='lgc'>--> in a way ="nms">ajayeb.net is part of this ="trms">transition
we face a ="trms">world of abundant information, hyperlinked ideas, per="trms">mission-free resources, highly public ="trms">interaction, and massive, unresolved disagreement. (Weinberger)
individual expertise is (many argue) being replaced by the wisdom of crowds='lgc'>: noisy and endlessly contentious, but also rich, diverse, and multi-="trms">skilled ='lgc'>[='lgc'>=/= fantasies of Black Mirror TV series='lgc'>]


wikis of all ="trms">sorts

(='qstn'>?is my ="nms">ajayeb.net a) citizen ="trms">science

vigor and growing utility

“distance ="trms">matters”
(Olson)


commodification of ="trms">data ='lgc'>: the ="trms">presentation of ="trms">datasets as complete, ="trms">interchangeable products in ="trms"nttrm="already,spread">readily exchanged formats


="trms">data-driven ="trms">science
problem of evaluation
='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ='strcls'>***Do we know things if we cannot explain why they are true='qstn'>?='strcls'>*** (Anderson)

hierachically organized forms of credentialing

in Julia's seminar we were trying to examine='lgc'>: commodified ="trms">data analysis tools and widely available software ="trms">skills ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> (larger number of participants to) analyze ="trms">data and run models

(='strcls'>*a problem with university students='lgc'>:) ='lgc'>[students who do appear='lgc'>] more motivated by the university as a ='strcls'>*rite of passage='strcls'>* (گذار از بلوغ) and a ='strcls'>*lifestyle='strcls'>*
='lgc'>=/= learning
='strcls'>*professors are no longer seen as infallible experts, but as resources whose facts can be checked in real time

(="trms">question of) standard / ="trms">ontology ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> (desire for) universality / (need for) change


knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge of ="trms">past climates


='at'>@="nms">apass
(through my ="trms">love and study for ="nms">ajayeb ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> infrastructure ='lgc'>='lgc'>-->) ="trms">questions for ="nms">apass='lgc'>:
="prgrph">-what new forms of organization and ="trms">community are emerging='qstn'>? what power ="trms">relations do they rely on, create, or destroy='qstn'>? who wins and who loses as knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge infrastructure change='qstn'>? (="trms">questions proposed by a knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge infrastructure workshop 2012)
="prgrph">-(ways to) en="trms">code and reinforce existing ="trms">interests and ="trms">relations of power
="prgrph">-(we need) a design ="trms">community versed in these ="trms">literatures='lgc'>:
="lsts lst1">•="trms">different ="trms">social ="trms">worlds
="lsts lst1">•conflicting conceptual frameworks
="lsts lst1">•="trms">sociology of ="trms">science and ="trms">technology
="lsts lst1">•="trms">sociology of standards (='lgc'>='lgc'>--> standardizing ="trms">data has proven to be a crucial activity in ='strcls'>*scaling up='strcls'>* the ="trms">sciences) ='at'>#lens
="lsts lst1">•boundary objects
="lsts lst1">•trading zones
="lsts lst1">•actor ="trms">networks
="lsts lst1">•how sharing works in practice
="lsts lst1">•agreements on shared norms, practices, and ="trms">technical ="trms">systems (problematized by ="frds scrmbld">Femke, she focuses my attention on how software developers are too quick to construct “="trms">ontologies”)
="lsts lst1">•
='lgc'>='lgc'>==> to scale up the generally lower-level focus of design thinking ='lgc'>[='lgc'>='lgc'>--> how my ="nms">ajayeb.net addresses this='qstn'>?='lgc'>]
='lgc'>='lgc'>--> to co-design new infrastructures
='lgc'>='lgc'>--> to look beyond the scale of a field and timeframe of a career


(we need) meaningful access to digital media (not an exciting add-on investment)
='lgc'>='lgc'>--> new forms of knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge infrastructure may disadvantage and devalue older forms of knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge production='lgc'>:
="lsts lst1">•new sensor ="trms">network replacing ="trms">ecological fieldwork ='lgc'>='lgc'>-->='qstn'>? my ='at'>#amazon
="lsts lst1">•“="trms">instrumenting ocean” supplanting traditions of the oceanographic cruise ='lgc'>[in the last 20 years new sensor grids have come to cover the oceans, land, sky and space='lgc'>] ='lgc'>='lgc'>-->='qstn'>? my ='at'>#="nms">ajayeb's is concerned with thinking “beyond the ='strcls'>*="trms">instrumental ="trms">languages of utility and function='strcls'>*, which tend to cast knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge infrastructures as ='strcls'>*neutral ="trms">instruments='strcls'>* whose ="trms">positive and negative effects lie solely in the way they are operationalized and used”

='strcls'>*consequences of change are rarely ="trms">socially, culturally, or economically neutral='strcls'>*


collectives
assemblages
con="trms">figurations

try to tell yourself a “="trms">technology only” or “="trms">social only” ="trms">story of knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge infrastructure (and you will find it impossible)
(Brunton's) spam ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> co-evolution of ="trms">technical ="trms">systems, ="trms">communities, and ="trms">social norms

knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge infrastructures ='lgc'>==carry='lgc'>='lgc'>==> significant distributional consequences ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> advancing the ="trms">interests of some and actively damaging the prospects of others

(ways of producing “raw” date) davulated by “="trms">data sharing”='lgc'>:
="lsts lst1">•='strcls'>*labor-intensive='strcls'>* collecting practices
="lsts lst1">•site-="trms">specific expertise required
='lgc'>}='lgc'>='lgc'>--> long-standing ="trms">craft traditions

once-vast secretarial ranks (of large organizations) ='lgc'>[a British nostalgia for bureaucratic hierarchy fantasized and franchized by Harry Potter='lgc'>]


="nms">ajayeb's 13th century's “="trms">technologies” for “virtual” witnessing


='lgc'>--imbalance in the structure and distribution of our knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge='lgc'>--
overre="trms">presentation of research on “charismatic megafauna” (cuddly pandas, expenssive human-like chimps, tigers, ="trms">hallucinogenic plants, etc.)


='strcls'>*dark continent fallacy='strcls'>*='lgc'>: ignorance (='lgc'>~ non-knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge)='lgc'> = absence of knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge ='lgc'>: a site, ="trms">phenomenon, or set of ="trms">questions that we haven't yet been able or thought to investigate, as='lgc'>: ‘darkness='lgc'> = absence of light’ (='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ="ppl">="ppl">Star Trek idea of frontier) ='lgc'>--='at'>@!='prcnt'>%='lgc'>='lgc'>--> the ="trms">relationship between knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge and non-knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge may not be as simple or innocent as that

="large lg3" stl="font-size:111%"> new (forms of) knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge infrastructures (='lgc'>='lgc'>--> new ways of knowing) ='lgc'>='lgc'>==>
="lsts lst1">•new ="trms">questions thinkable ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> whole classes of ="trms">questions, ="trms">phenomena and forms of knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge may be lost or rendered unthinkable
="lsts lst1">•new maps to known territories ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> reshape the geography itself
="lsts lst1">•rework existing (stocks of) knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge
="lsts lst1">•reorder our sense of value and structure in the ="trms">world
="lsts lst1">•='strcls'>*="trms">write new ="trms">ontologies over old ones='strcls'>* (='lgc'>='lgc'>--> my ="trms">interest in working with ="nms">ajayeb)
="lsts lst1">•embed ="trms">social norms

knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge infrastructure ='lgc'>='lgc'>~= ="trms">sociology of knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge
= robust ="trms">inter="trms">networks of people, artifacts, and institutions='strcls'>* (='lgc'>='lgc'>--> to attend kno.infs. as wholes, rather than focusing only on their most rapidly evolving elements; ='at'>#="trms">ontology. and attending to the ="trms">social ="trms">relations both created and broken) ='lgc'>[='at'>#to attend to ="nms">Tehran's new digitally mediated ="trms">social norms of negative ditributional consequences of change='lgc'>]
any effective ="trms">sociology of knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge ought to provide some account of its op="trms">posite='lgc'>: the accidental and ="trms">systematic ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> means by which non-knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge is produced and maintained
='strcls'>**(="frds scrmbld"nttrm="Robin,Robot,Robert,Robocop">Robert Proctor's) agnotology='lgc'>: the ="trms">systematic study of ignorance='strcls'>** ='lgc'>[='lgc'>+ Irvin Schick='lgc'>: unknowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge ='lgc'>=/= ignorance ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ="trms">socially constructed lack of knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge ='lgc'>: a conscious absence of ="trms">socially pertinent knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge, ='thdf'>for example ‘terra incognita ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> Western political and economic attention ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> enabling colonialism...='lgc'>]

institutional elements of knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge infrastructure='lgc'>:
="lsts lst1">•universities
="lsts lst1">•libraries
="lsts lst1">•="trms">scientific ="trms">societies
='lgc'>}='lgc'>='lgc'>--> they all have typically conservative, slow-changing forms='strcls'>* ='lgc'>-- because when they change, ="trms">authority, influence, and power are redistributed; (changes takes decades rather than years) ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> a long-time-scale, ="trms">historically informed framework to ="trms">situate our thinking ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> sustainable, accumulative, and shareable qualitative ="trms">databases


="large lg4" stl="font-size:110%"> ="trms">internet-supported citizen ="trms">science

the 19th century's ="ppl">Darwin favored ‘genetic form’ ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> massive and global shift in modes of classification


standard ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ='strcls'>*preserving the meaning of ="trms">data is a human affair, requiring continuous curation


="large lg5" stl="font-size:132%"> ='at'>#knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge ="trms">zoom lens ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> “the long now” (="ppl">="ppl">Bowker)


(it took 200 years for printed ="trms">book's) ='strcls'>*intellectual armature='strcls'>* (that now we consider intuitive='lgc'>:)
(in ="nms">ajayeb.net i am ="trms">responding and working all of them)
="lsts lst1">•index
="lsts lst1">•table of contents
="lsts lst1">•bibliography
="lsts lst1">•footnotes
="lsts lst1">•generally agreed rules on plagiarism
="lsts lst1">•page numbers (='lgc'>='lgc'>--> =^77988.1.6$shathiat)


='strcls'>***qualitative ="trms">science='strcls'>*** ='lgc'>: detailed, indepth, and mean[...]