[...]steners ='lgc'>='lgc'>-->) ="trms">wonder ='lgc'>=/= inductio exemplorum (="trms">generalizing)
12th 14th centuries
(twin ="trms">authorities for middle ages) ="ppl">Aristotle ='lgc'>+ ="ppl">Augustine ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> tradition of understanding ="trms">wonder as perspectival ='and'>& psychological ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> theological-philosophical discourse
="lsts lst1">•="ppl">Augustine='lgc'>: marvel ='lgc'>=/= what we know of ="trms">nature (='lgc'>=/= ="trms">nature) ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ='strcls'>*lodge the ="trms">wonderful-ness of things (not in our reaction to them but) in their ="trms">ontological status='strcls'>*
="lsts lst1">•Anselm of Canterbury='lgc'>: marvelous ='lgc'>=/= ="trms">natural ='lgc'>=/= artificial (voluntary, made by humans)
='lgc'>}='lgc'>='lgc'>--> miracles are objectively ="trms">wonderful (because produced by God's power alone)
="large lg2" stl="font-size:112%">
='lgc'>[1='lgc'>]
early middle ages latin texts ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> mirabilia (="trms">wonder) ='lgc'>='lgc'>~= miracula (miracle)
13th century ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> mirabilia (="trms">wonder) ='lgc'>=/= miracula (miracle) ='lgc'>==="trms">ontological='lgc'>='lgc'>==> flatten the impulse to ="trms">wonder='lgc'>:
="lstsrd">1- (tends to) separate out (with hair-splitting distinction) a small number of ="trms">phenomena as objectively ="trms">wonder-inducing (='strcls'>*whereas all others no ="trms">matter how odd are ="trms">wonderful only to the ignorant='strcls'>*)
="lstsrd">2- (sug="trms">gests that) most events have ="trms">natural causes='lgc'>: ='strcls'>*if philosophers are diligent enough ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> ="trms">wonder will cease='strcls'>* ='lgc'>[= Sherlock Holmes='lgc'>]
="lsts lst2">◦(1235) William of Augergne ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> people do not know how to go about investigating the cause ='lgc'>[='lgc'>='lgc'>--> detective='lgc'>]
="lsts lst2">◦(1325) ="ppl">="ppl">Oresme ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ='strcls'>*vigorous ="trms">imagining of a retained ="trms">species ='lgc'>+ small external appearance ='lgc'>+ imbalance of some ="trms">internal dis="trms">position ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> marvelous appearance='strcls'>* ='lgc'>[='lgc'>--='not'>✕='lgc'>='lgc'>--> himself was fascinated and enchanted by the “marvelous properties” of ="trms">animals and the ='strcls'>*diversitas of human experience='strcls'>* especially of tastes in ='strcls'>*food and in sexual ="trms">positions and partners='strcls'>*='lgc'>]
="lsts lst2">◦a 13th century treatise “on the marvels of the ="trms">world” (Qazwini='qstn'>?) ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> a great part of philosophers and physicians believe that='lgc'>: ="trms">natural things ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> marvellousness of experiences and marvels
="lsts lst2">◦Roger Bacon ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ="trms">natura="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">listic explanation of saints who lived without eating... charms and amulets... ='strcls'>*waxed lyrical over the in="trms">finite complexity of the common fly='strcls'>* (='lgc'><='lgc'>-- is this what i did in telegram ="trms">bestiary='qstn'>?)
="lsts lst2">◦Albert the Great ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> physical manifestations of admiratio='lgc'> = "constriction and suspension of the heart” confronted with something “great and unusual”
="lsts lst2">◦Aquinas ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> connect ="trms">wonder with pleasure='lgc'> = a desire that culminates not so much in knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge as in encounter with ma="trms">jesty, ='strcls'>*="trms">wonder='lgc'>: the best way to grab the attention of the soul
="lsts lst2">◦
='lgc'>}='lgc'>--="ppl">Bynum='lgc'>='lgc'>--> distinguishing ‘miracle ='lgc'>=/= marvel’ ="trms">ontologically ='lgc'>=/= psychologically, perspectivally (or attributing marvels to ="trms">natural causes) ='lgc'>--='not'>✕='lgc'>='lgc'>--> eclipse of ="trms">wonder
="trms">wonder as a ="trms">response was not devalued or dismissed (even in a philosophical and theological tradition that de-="trms">wondered anomalies by insisting on an increasingly ordered ="trms">world, whose laws were decipherable by the wise)
='lgc'>[2='lgc'>]
in the discourse of the homiletic موعظه and hagiographical تاريخ انبياء (tazkirat) ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ="trms">wonder ='lgc'>=/= imitable قابل تقلید (='lgc'>--='not'>✕='lgc'>='lgc'>--> the known, the knowable, the usual)
“non imitandum sed adm="nms">irandum” (not to be immitated but to be marveled at)
heroes and martyrs ='lgc'>=/= ordinary faithful
='lgc'>='lgc'>--> (="ppl">Attar ='lgc'>[master of ="trms">rhetorics='lgc'>] in تذکرة الاولیا uses) a kind of ='strcls'>*humility topos='strcls'>* intended to express an ="trms">author's conviction that the miracle-working charisma of a saint was far beyond the capacity of ="trms">author and ="trms"nttrm="already,spread">reader alike (channel the attention of the faithful... towards the emulation of ordinary virtues='lgc'>: to control credulity ساده لوحی, extravagant asceticism, straining after flamboyant ="trms">religiosity)
='lgc'>}='lgc'>='lgc'>--> nonappropriative ="trms">nature of ="trms">wonder
Bernard of Clairvaux (medieval piety)
(="trms">rhetoric of) ="trms">wonder ='lgc'>=/= curiosity
praying to the affairs of others
praying to the secrets of the universe
="trms">wonderful deformed beauty (of Romanesque sculpture)
='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ='strcls'>****imitatio (جعل)='lgc'> = appropriation='lgc'> = being in ="trms">society with ='lgc'>[='lgc'>-='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ='gtrw'>go to drawing ="trms">mimetics, ="trms">literal ="trms">CG 3D modeling='lgc'>], experiencing, learning, taking into oneself, ="trms">consuming='strcls'>****
“we, when we take the deeds ='lgc'>[of others='lgc'>] for imitation, ought to make the lofty things hidden and humble ones manifest” (like the shape of the seal='lgc'>: sculpted inward is appeared concave when printed) ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ="trms">mimesis
='strcls'>*the encounter is made possible because an ="trms">ontological similarity to that other is built into the experiencing self='strcls'>*
golden goblet 🏆
we ="trms">consume, absorb, incorporate the drink (='lgc'>='lgc'>~= imitate the virtues) ='lgc'>=/= we give back (='lgc'>='lgc'>~= we ="trms">wonder at) the goblet, we ="trms">wonder at what we cannot in any sense incorporate, or ="trms">consume, or encompass in our mental ="trms">categories ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> we ="trms">wonder at mystery, at paradox, at admirabiles mixturae ='lgc'><='lgc'>==Bernard='lgc'>== three hybrids='lgc'>:
="lstsrd">1- mixture of God and man
="lstsrd">2- mixture of woman and virgin
="lstsrd">3- mixture of belief and falsity (in our hearts)
(="ppl">Attar seductively drawn to the ="trms">wonderful deformed beauty of saints of early sufism)
="large lg1" stl="font-size:128%">
='lgc'>[title='lgc'>]
failed exorcism
='lgc'>[3='lgc'>]
(="ppl">Bynum providing a) medieval theory of ="trms">wonder in the ='strcls'>*="trms">literature of enlightenment='strcls'>*='lgc'>:
="trms">history ="trms">writing
="trms">travel accounts
="trms">story collection
عجایبالمخلوقات ="nms">="nms">ajayebnameh='lgc'>: the encyclopedic tradition of the ancient ="trms">world known as ='strcls'>*paradoxology='lgc'>: collection of oddities (="trms">monsters, hybrids, distant races, marvelous lands, ='lgc'>[telegram ="trms">beasts, in="trms">stagram ="trms">animals='lgc'>]) ='lgc'>+ antique notions of portents or omen='lgc'>: unusual events that foreshadowed the (usually catastrophic) future ='lgc'>+ accompanied by a vague sense of d="trms"nttrm="already,spread">read ='lgc'>[it gives you goosebumps='lgc'>]
='lgc'>+ (="frds scrmbld">Ehsan master of) ='lgc'>[='strcls'>*='lgc'>]="trms">fabulae='lgc'>: (="trms">story) told without claims to their ="trms">ontological status ='lgc'>=/= ="trms">historia
='lgc'>}='lgc'>='lgc'>==> theory of ="trms">wonder='lgc'>: ='lgc'>[='at'>@="nms">apass='lgc'>]
="lstsrd">1. ='strcls'>*="trms">response to facticity='strcls'>*
="lstsrd">2. ='strcls'>*="trms">response to the singular='strcls'>*
="lstsrd">3. ='strcls'>*is deeply perspectival='strcls'>*
="lsts lst1">•William of Newburgh ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> (some ="trms">sort of) probatio (testing, evidence) ='lgc'>--base='lgc'>='lgc'>--> rimari (probe, pry into فضولی، با اهرم بلند کردن) ='lgc'>=/= admirari (to ="trms">wonder at)
="lsts lst1">•Gervais of Tilbury ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> facts ='lgc'>==induce='lgc'>='lgc'>==> marvel ='lgc'>='lgc'>~= res ="trms">gestae (deeds or ="trms">historical accounts) ='lgc'>=/= ="trms">stories (="trms">fabulae, lies) ='lgc'>[='lgc'>='lgc'>~= ='strcls'>*you cannot be amazed by what you don't believe='strcls'>* (="trms">stories of ghosts, vampires, migration of quail, flight of squirrels, etc.)='lgc'>]
="lsts lst1">•John of Salisbury ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ='strcls'>*marvellous singularity='strcls'>* (collection of advice for courtiers and princes) ='lgc'>~ ="trms">wonder='lgc'>: ="trms">response to ma="trms">jesty (hidden wisdom, significance) ='lgc'>=/= ="trms">generalizing='lgc'> = moralizing (inductio exemplorum, citing of ="trms">instructive general causes ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> forensic)
="lsts lst1">•
credible deeply unusual singular event ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> admiratio
='lgc'>[='strcls'>*='lgc'>]perspectival='lgc'>: reaction of a particular “us” to an “other” that is “other” only relative to the particular “us” (='lgc'><='lgc'>-- ='thdf'>this is why ="nms">="nms">ajayebnameh is ="trms">interesting)
="lsts lst1">•James of Vitry ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ='strcls'>***cyclopses who all have one eye marvel as much at those who have two eyes as we marvel at them='strcls'>*** (1200)
="lsts lst1">•Gosswin of Metz ='and'>& John Mandeville ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> turning such perspectivalism into gently ironic comments on themselves
="lsts lst1">•William of Rubruck ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> barefoot ="trms">travel through harsh terrain and climate required by Franciscan asceticism seems as ="trms">monstrous a practice in the East as certain Eastern customs appear when reported “back home”
="lsts lst1">•
='strcls'>**(how='qstn'>? can we simply='qstn'>?) study medieval emotion='strcls'>** ='lgc'>=/= ="trms">wonder stated by ="trms">historians, ="trms">travelers, theologians, philosophers, preachers, devotional ="trms">writers
='strcls'>*traces of emotion='strcls'>* that survive are mediated through texts, pictures, artifacts ='lgc'>--="ppl">Bynum='lgc'>='lgc'>--> we are not entitled either to assume a ="trms">sort of ="ppl">Darwinian universal emotion, or to think that emotion-behavior is culturally constructed (as to exist only where we find words for it)
='strcls'>***texts may give us access to reactions less through adjectives attached to nouns='strcls'>*** (by calling something “="trms">wonderful” or “d="trms"nttrm="already,spread">readful” ='lgc'>=/= indicating the ="trms">responses of an implicit ="trms"nttrm="already,spread">reader/viewer)
="lsts lst1">•a keyword search for “="trms"nttrm="danger,stranger">anger” will tend to turn up set pieces on how to control it ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> discussions of where it is not
="lsts lst1">•reactions such as ="trms">wonder, delight, or terror (do not simply occur) they are ='strcls'>*evoked='strcls'>*, sometimes even ='strcls'>*="trms">staged='strcls'>* ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> we can explore what evoked them
finding ="trms">wonder-words ='lgc'>=/= finding ="trms">wonder (complex semantic field)
="trms">wonder-reaction='lgc'>:
="lsts lst1">•terror
="lsts lst1">•disgust
="lsts lst1">•solemn astonishment
="lsts lst1">•playful delight
in medieval accounts ="trms">wonder often has='lgc'>:
="lsts lst1">•a mischievous quality
Bernard of Clairvaux ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> spice of ="trms">stories
11th century ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> (naughtily) impish girl saint ="trms">jokes
="frds scrmbld">Gerald of Wales ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ="trms">nature's pranks
='lgc'>}='lgc'>='lgc'>--> moralizing ="trms">bestiary tradition (taking more pleasure in the ="trms">animal tales than in theology)
analogies between ="trms">animals and humans are anything but solemn and didactic[...]