[...]y taken for granted, which then under breakdown conditions, now gets revealed in a new way (revelatory function)
='lgc'>=/= ="ppl">="ppl">Ihde's ='strcls'>*variational practice='strcls'>* ='lgc'>: variations ='lgc'>==forefront='lgc'>='lgc'>==> new ="trms">gestalts

(our) ="trms">world='lgc'> = powerful effective ='and'>& failing ="trms">technology
we ='lgc'>=/= tragic hero (='lgc'>+ broken hammer) or Enlightenment ="trms">scientist (='lgc'>+ laboratory)



="large lg2" stl="font-size:111%"> matrix ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> female
those that move in the matrix ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> formative male principle

(="ppl">="ppl">Foucault's) ="trms">episteme='lgc'>: ="trms">social-moral-="trms">religious stability


="ppl">="ppl">Latour
="trms">modernity ='lgc'><='lgc'>== settlement='lgc'>: (a clear and sharp distinction) ="trms">society ='lgc'>=/= ="trms">nature ='lgc'>--obscure='lgc'>='lgc'>--> the proliferation of hybrids='lgc'>: entities that are both cultural ='and'>& ="trms">natural (for example ="trms">material ="trms">technologies are both “real” ='and'>& “constructed”)


="ppl">="ppl">Ihde ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ="trms">technologies are in ='strcls'>*mediating ="trms">positions='strcls'>*

="trms">inter="trms">relational relativistic ="trms">ontologies ='lgc'>: there is ="trms">interaction and ="trms">mutual “non-neutral” and “noninnocent” productive and emergent shaping between humans ='lgc'>+ ="trms">technologies ='lgc'>+ ="trms">animals ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge is “="trms">situated” and particular, not “transcendentally” true ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> putative ="trms">symmetry between the human ='and'>& nonhuman


bestiality (="trms">inter="trms">relational, sin='qstn'>?) is embedded in what has to appear to us today as an antiquated or surpassed stability

="lsts lst1">•(="ppl">Merleau-Ponty ='lgc'>+ ="ppl">="ppl">Ihde) ="trms">embodiment is the location of all intelligent behavior ='lgc'>[="trms">situated ='lgc'>+ ="trms">embodied='lgc'>]
="lsts lst1">•(Pickering) cybernetic (self-organizing set) is the location of all intelligent behavior ='lgc'>[="trms">situated='lgc'>]


='lgc'>-='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ='gtrw'>go to ="ppl">="ppl">Galison's Einstein


(the old notion that) ='strcls'>***="trms">phenomenology is primarily descriptive ='lgc'>=/= prescriptive

='lgc'>[ethicalization of knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge, in ="nms">Iran, in artists ="trms"nttrm="already,spread">reading choices based on gender, etc. turning research into applied ethics='lgc'>]
="lsts lst1">•contemporary ethics of a ="trms">cosmopolitan p="trms"nttrm="failure,blur,plur,lurk,tallur,slur">luricultural tolerant ="trms">sort
="lsts lst1">•absolutisms of politically incarnated groups had to transform absolute beliefs into “private” ones (taken off the streets and battlegrounds) ='lgc'><='lgc'>--now='lgc'>-- returning!


='strcls'>****="trms">technologies are multistable='lgc'>: having unpre="trms">dictable side-effects and embeddable in ="trms">different ways in ="trms">different cultures='strcls'>****

='lgc'>[="trms">technology ='lgc'>+ ="trms">embodied ='lgc'>='lgc'>-->='lgc'>] abstract philosophical reflects ='lgc'>+ mundane work practices

to incarnate a ="trms">material ="trms">agency-ethic ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> are also multistable='lgc'>: can belong to any number of contexts


...to recognizes that X plays an important role in defining Y-ic meaning

="ppl">Merleau-Ponty's implicit body is a ="trms">sort of sports body (active and transparent in action) ='lgc'>--Iris='lgc'>='lgc'>--> fringe awareness of wearing glasses in sports activities


visualization of ="nms">phantom limbs

hermeneutic-cultural body

="trms">embodiment through ="trms">technologies

Andy Clark ="trms">Natural Born Cyborgs
echnology of tele="trms">presence
the ="trms">measurement of time ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> changes in human existence

="large lg1" stl="font-size:142%">
='thdf'>the idea of ='strcls'>*="trms">science='lgc'> = ="trms">intervention ='lgc'>+ grasping='strcls'>*
="lsts lst1">•grasping ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> active dimension of acquiring knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge is a genuinely contstructive activity (='lgc'>=/= a re="trms">presentational task of trying to re="trms">present external structures)
='lgc'>='lgc'>--> experiment ='and'>& ="trms">instruments (='lgc'>='lgc'>==> how theoretical entities come to be proven as real)
="lsts lst2">◦experimental-manipulative realism (Hacking)
="lsts lst2">◦mode="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">listic constructive realism (Giere)
="lsts lst2">◦="trms">instrumental realism (="ppl">="ppl">Ihde)


='lgc'>[='strcls'>*='lgc'>]performance='lgc'>: conception ='lgc'>+ production ='lgc'>+ witnessing of ="trms">material events, the experience of which is meaning generating in that these events give us back more than what we put into them
(Crease > ="ppl">="ppl">Ihde)

experimentation need to be both='lgc'>:
="lsts lst1">•='lgc'>[='strcls'>*='lgc'>]hermeneutical='lgc'>: who experimental intentions and practices arise and evolve out of and al="trms"nttrm="already,spread">ready existing involvement with, and understanding of a concrete ="trms">situation
="lsts lst1">•='lgc'>[='strcls'>*='lgc'>]="trms">phenomenology='lgc'>: (taking its point of departure from what is called ="trms">embodiment) the experiences of a unified being, which cannot be understood apart from concrete human experience


philosopher ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> values experts ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> (fit into various) applied ethics contexts

="ppl">="ppl">Ihde rejecting a normativity that is predetermined by a dystopian/utopian cast

“let the things speak for themselves” (after they have been critically ="trms">interrogated)

="display:block;white-space:nowrap;margin-bottom:-1em;overflow:hidden;">...................................

="ppl">="ppl">Galison
(employing) kinesthetic-tactile body experiences in Einstein's Gedanken-experimenten ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> notions of the equivalence of gravity and acceleration
perceptual experience in relative train movement
clock watching in ="trms">different space-time particularities

“On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies”
Einstein's special relativity ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> begins with basic assumptions about the behavior of clocks, rulers, and bodies in force-free motion

Einstein's rethinking of ='strcls'>*distant ="trms">simultaneity='strcls'>* (part philosophy ='and'>& part physics)
="prgrph">-judgment of ="trms">simultaneous event='lgc'>: “that train arrives here at 7 o'clock"='lgc'> = "the pointing of the small hand of my watch to 7 and the arrival of the train are ="trms">simultaneous events”

electrodynamics always depended on a view about kinematics ='lgc'>: how clocks and rulers behaved in the absence of force

1891 Germany Leipzig was the site of one of the first electrically distributed time ="trms">systems (to bind distant clocks to a single central clock) ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> railroad lines

piecemeal ruin of time
="lsts lst1">•an inconvenience for the ="trms">traveler
="lsts lst1">•actual difficulty of vital importance for the railway business and military

means of consistent calibration

="large lg3" stl="font-size:112%"> 🕓 coordinated time ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ="trms">material-economic necessity ='lgc'>+ cultural ="trms">imaginary
='lgc'>='lgc'>==> 1900 blossoming of chronometric patents='lgc'>: on remote alarms, remote regulation of pendula, telephonic, even wireless-trans="trms">mission of time
='lgc'>}='lgc'>='lgc'>--> pass through the Swiss patent office in Bern ='and'>& Einstein's desk ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> Einstein's expertise on electromechanical devices (1902)

electromagnetic clock coordination ='lgc'>: transforming small electrical currents into high-precision rotatory movements

='lgc'>}='lgc'>='lgc'>--> “time is money” ='lgc'>--="ppl">="ppl">Galison='lgc'>='lgc'>--> no old-="trms">fashioned mechanical, hydraulic, or pneumatic ="trms">system would do='lgc'>--electricity was the key to the future (a future that would only come about properly if humankind broke with its mechanical clock ="trms">past riven by anarchy, incoherence, and ="trms">routinization)

distant ="trms">simultaneity ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> political, profitable, ="trms">pragmatic ='lgc'>=/= anarcho-clockism

="large lg4" stl="font-size:112%"> ='at'>#title
="trms">international bureau of ="trms">measurement

Einstein agonizing over the ="trms">nature of moving bodies and electrodynamics
='lgc'>=/= ether='lgc'>: the centerpiece of nineteenth-century physical theories

kinematics='lgc'>: ="trms">geometry of motion, behavior of ="trms">matter in the absence of force

="trms">="trms"nttrm="metaph,metamorph,metabol,metal">metaphysics of Einstein's relativity theory ='lgc'>--="ppl">="ppl">Galison='lgc'>='lgc'>--> underlined through some of the most ="trms">symbolized mechanisms of ="trms">modernity ='lgc'>~ determining train arrival times using electromagnetically coordinated clocks (was precisely the ="trms">technological issue that had been racking Europe 1902) ='lgc'>: ="trms">symbol of the ="trms">interconnected sped-up ="trms">world of ="trms">modernity

='strcls'>*centralized time='strcls'>* distribution was the temporal-physical glory of the unified German empire

="large lg5" stl="font-size:121%"> turn-of-the-century Euro-American ="trms">world ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> overlapping ="trms">networks of coordination='lgc'>: webs of train tracks, telegraph lines, meteorological ="trms">networks, longitude surveys under the watchful, increasingly universal, clock ="trms">system
='lgc'>='lgc'>--> Einstein's special theory of relativity was (an ="trms">imaginative) machine ='lgc'><='lgc'>-- ="ppl">="ppl">Galison's ="trms">technological ="trms"nttrm="already,spread">reading of (Einstein's) most theoretical paper

Einstein had opened the zone of unification (but in the process='lgc'>:)
="lsts lst1">•he removed Berlin as the Zeitzentrum
="lsts lst1">•designed a machine that upended the very ="trms">category of ="trms">="trms"nttrm="metaph,metamorph,metabol,metal">metaphysical centrality

post ="trms">world war I
all the activities of man, whether conscious or unconscious (sleeping, eating, meditating, playing) take place in time; without order, without ="trms">specified plans, we risk falling into anarchy (physical, intellectual and moral misery)
='lgc'>--Favarger='lgc'>='lgc'>--> the remedy='lgc'>: the precise ="trms">measurement and determination of time with the ="trms"nttrm="righ,rigo,riga,rigi,trig,rign">rigor of an astronomical observatory
(to) democratize time ='lgc'>: time ="trms"nttrm="righ,rigo,riga,rigi,trig,rign">rigor must be distributed electrically
(='lgc'>=/= gears and magnets)

="ppl">="ppl">Galison's exploring the ="trms">material culture of clock coordination is to set Einstein's place in a universe of meaning ='lgc'>--avoid='lgc'>='lgc'>--> two problematic ="trms">positions (='strcls'>*on the ="trms">relation of things to thoughts='strcls'>*)='lgc'>:
="lstsrd">1. ="trms">materialism or ="trms">="trms">empiricism='lgc'>: inductive, observation-centered account of ="trms">scientific development (='lgc'>~ that ideas emerge ="trms">causally and univalently from the dis="trms">position of objects and the impressions they make upon us) ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> “t[...]