[...]l="trms"nttrm="already,spread">ready a gendered process, both discursively and ="trms">materially='strcls'>*
clash between ="trms">different and competing patriarchies or patriarchal arrangements ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> the status of women within kin-="trms">networks ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> the role of marriage in consolidating class power ='lgc'>==hence='lgc'>='lgc'>==> the ="trms">rhetoric of marriage as something too important to be left to the men and women concerned (in Pakistan='lgc'>: ‘marriages='lgc'> = cementing ="trms">relations between men’) ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> “controlling female sexuality across class lines” ='lgc'>[='lgc'>='lgc'>--> a very ="trms">specific ="trms">anxiety over female (sexual) ="trms">agency='strcls'>* ='lgc'>+ complexities of patriarchy within Pakistani ="trms">society='lgc'>] ='lgc'>}='lgc'>='lgc'>--> “Among other things, they de="trms">monstrate that ‘Islam'='lgc'>--whether as a basis for individual/national identity, as a ="trms">religious and cultural ="trms">system, or as a set of injunctions en="trms">coded in theological and juridical textual sources='lgc'>--is always/al="trms"nttrm="already,spread">ready an ="trms">internally contested discourse rather than a monolithic and ="trms">internally coherent thing.”
(='lgc'>='lgc'>--> understanding of) the ways in which ‘the law’ itself is constructed and operationalized; delightful colonial legacy called the “Family Laws” (part of the penal ="trms">codes of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh);
="lsts lst1">•zina (zena, illicit sex, adultery, premarital sex) ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> far from being an expression of ="trms">religious piety at the familial or state level, the zina law is wielded as a potent weapon of control and extortion by families of ‘disobedient’ women ='lgc'>+ the ="trms"nttrm="righ,rigo,riga,rigi,trig,rign">rights that the moral ="trms">authority of Islam grants the women against their families ='lgc'>}='lgc'>=/= the manner in which the mainstream media in the West constructs the role of Islam in the lives of Muslim women (='lgc'>~ everything to do with Muslims is explained by ‘Islam’) ='lgc'>=/= ="ppl">Khan's research on incarcerated women leads her to con="trms"nttrm="cluster,club">clude that poverty is an important ="trms">causal factor in the imprisonment of women under the charge of zina in Pakistan (structural adjustment policies imposed on Pakistan by the ="trms">World Bank and IMF from the 1980s on) ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> larger global political and economic processes
="lsts lst1">•a transgender couple charged with perjury under the Pakistan Penal ="trms">Code, and not under ‘Islamic law.’ Supreme Court would rule in their favor, the judgment drew on the ="trms">presence of the figure of Hermaphrodite in Ancient Greece to Islam ='lgc'>+ discussed with ="trms">sympathy by mainstream media ='lgc'>+ well-organized and politically savvy hijra ="trms">community in Pakista
='lgc'>}='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ='at'>@="frds scrmbld">Hoda, since she is ="trms">interested in women's status under purportedly Islamic regimes
='lgc'>}='lgc'>='lgc'>==> Islam is not the overarching motor within purportedly Muslim ="trms">societies that mainstream discourse would have us believe

(Rastegar > ="ppl">="ppl">Toor='lgc'>:) “it is typical of much human ="trms"nttrm="righ,rigo,riga,rigi,trig,rign">rights discourse in the Third ="trms">World to focus on ='lgc'>[...='lgc'>] practices of regulating women's bodies, especially those identified with Islamic law, while ignoring ="trms">socioeconomic concern.” ='at'>@="frds scrmbld">Hoda

="ppl">="ppl">Toor's two distinctions ='lgc'>[='lgc'>=/= collapsing all forms of ‘Islamization’ resulting in a ="trms">serious misunderstanding of the ="trms">social processes at work='lgc'>]='lgc'>:
="lsts lst1">•‘Islamization from below’ ='lgc'>: rise of (voluntary) public piety among Muslims, adoption of particular styles of facial hair by men and of various forms of hijab by women
="lsts lst1">•‘Islamization from above’ ='lgc'>: the ways in which structures of power—from families to states—deploy ‘Islam’ in order to control women (and men)

="large lg2" stl="font-size:110%"> (="ppl">="ppl">Toor='lgc'>:) Shah's cogent critique of the fetishization of the ‘="trms">community’ in ethnographic ="trms">literature


a ="trms">society defined by ‘a ="trms">history of’
="lsts lst1">•="trms">dictatorial regimes (with support of the U.S.)
="lsts lst1">•(under siege from joint pressures of) a corrupt ruling class
="lsts lst1">•a heavy debt burden
="lsts lst1">•predatory and conspicuous ="trms">consumption
="lsts lst1">•ongoing (neo)colonial ="trms">intervention
='lgc'>='lgc'>==> cultural identity becomes a contentious issue ='and'>& women's bodies become sites (for these cultural politics and the class struggles they ="trms">embody)
='lgc'>='lgc'>~=> regulation of women sexuality ='lgc'>: the key hegemonic move through which consent across ="trms">social classes can be secured='strcls'>**

the increasing ="trms">interconnectedness of ="trms">different parts of the ="trms">world at economic, political, and cultural levels (= globalization) ='lgc'>='lgc'>==>  intensification in the dynamics of ="trms">social change ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> ="trms">anxiety ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> (greater) regulation of women (in kin-="trms">networks as a ="trms">response to political, ="trms">social and cultural ="trms">anxieties under globalization)
='lgc'>[This was just as true of Europe during the period of capita="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">list ="trms">modernization in the 18th and 19th centuries, and of colonized and decolonizing ="trms">societies in the mid-20th century ='lgc'>=/= Islamic exceptionalism='lgc'> = a form of Orientalism operative today ='lgc'>: an ex="trms">="trms"nttrm="cluster,club">clusive focus on ‘Islam'='lgc'>]


haq bakhshwana (in rural Punjab)='lgc'>: the daughter of a propertied family is ‘married’ to the Qur'an, or, in some cases, to a tree—so as to prevent her share of the family property transferring to her husband's family ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> women are both the property of their kin (="trms">symbolically and sometimes ="trms">literally) while having ="trms"nttrm="righ,rigo,riga,rigi,trig,rign">rights to property themselves


="ppl">="ppl">Toor sug="trms">gesting in her analysis a healthy dose of skepticism towards projects that ="trms">present the ‘Muslim ="trms">world’ ='lgc'>--and asking how (in a ="ppl">Foucauldian sense) is ‘Islam'='lgc'>[='lgc'>~ ='thdf'>the idea that something stable and immutable called ‘Islam’ exists anywhere='lgc'>] being deployed, by whom, and for what purpose='qstn'>? “Is it being used as an ideological tool, does it serve as a spiritual haven, or is it invoked as an identitarian ="trms">response to the ravages of a globalized ="trms">world='qstn'>?” (="ppl">="ppl">Toor)


(unpack we must)

='strcls'>***to unpack ="trms">different islams (for ="trms">different actors who deploy it)
‘islam’ certainly cannot be unproblematically deployed as the explanatory ‘variable’

="ppl">="ppl">Toor in her example cases showing that the ‘islam connection,’ when it is there, is varied, complex, and sometimes contradictory (='lgc'>=/= mainstream discourse on Islam)

(i want ="frds scrmbld">Hoda to make her ="trms">categorical labor harder, i want her to make ="trms">historically and ="trms">socially contextual analysis, not just take shortcuts towards ="trms">generalization predetermined by a ="trms">priori ="trms">categories (of ="nms">Iran, Islam, women), rather to begin with the ="trms">="trms">empirical reality)

="display:block;white-space:nowrap;margin-bottom:-1em;overflow:hidden;">...................................

a new legible object of analysis (in ="trms">writing culture)='lgc'>: qualities, ="trms">trajectories, ="trms">aesthetics ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> ="trms">writing became tactile and com="trms">positional, an attunement, a ="trms">response, “a vigilant protection of a ="trms">worlding” (="ppl">="ppl">Stewart)
='strcls'>*="trms">writing='lgc'> = a way of thinking='strcls'>*

='lgc'>[='strcls'>*='lgc'>]precarity='lgc'>: register of the singularity of emergent ="trms">phenomena, the way that they accrete, accrue and wear out
(='lgc'>=/= recognizing self-identical objects, ="trms"nttrm="metaph,metamorph,metabol,metal">metaculturally marked)

="large lg3" stl="font-size:111%"> forms of perceiving (seeing, thinking) are themselves emergent

a ="trms">writing that hones attention to the way that a thing (like precarity, etc.) starts to take form as='lgc'>:
="lsts lst1">•a com="trms">position
="lsts lst1">•a recognition
="lsts lst1">•a sensibility
="lsts lst1">•some collection of='lgc'>:
="lsts lst1">•="trms">materialities
="lsts lst1">•laws
="lsts lst1">•movements

obvious='lgc'>: totalizing dramatizations of the thing in itself

precarity can take the form of='lgc'>:
="lsts lst1">•fraility (living in it and through it)
="lsts lst1">•a sea change
="lsts lst1">•a darkening atmosphere
="lsts lst1">•a hard fall
="lsts lst1">•the barely perceptible sense of a reprieve
="lsts lst1">•

="large lg4" stl="font-size:112%"> ordinary things (='lgc'>=/= melodrama) they ="trms">matter because they shimmer precariously

...seasons magnetized to tones of voice and a quality of light

place (='lgc'>=/= immpasive corporeality) ='lgc'>: ="trms">affective charges='lgc'>:
="lsts lst1">•a mantel of redemption
="lsts lst1">•a glacier of impatience
="lsts lst1">•a high desert of ="trms">anxiety dissected by fault lines of rage
='lgc'>}='lgc'>--performed='lgc'>='lgc'>--> in ='strcls'>**little s="trms">cenes of recognition='strcls'>** (='lgc'>='lgc'>--> “="trms">visceral complicity of those laying claim to a ="trms">composed tactility='lgc'>[...='lgc'>]” ='lgc'>=/= ="trms">naturalized order per se)

(="nms">Tehran's='qstn'>?) drawn curtains='lgc'>: physical shadow of a state of hardening, a rotting from the inside out
(...curtained people, they suck the) ='strcls'>*="trms">gestural sensory attachments of seeing and being seen='strcls'>* (into a ="trms">world in which things are dark)

precarity ='lgc'>==='qstn'>?='lgc'>='lgc'>==> intimacy (of people in place)

="large lg5" stl="font-size:132%"> (in w="trms">inter with T-shirt and sandals) the townie body unfazed by the cold, endearing, a little heroic

an ="trms">imaginary ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> a logic of some ="trms">sort ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> abstracted ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> become a thing in itself
or, a thing ="trms">simultaneously virtual and concrete
like the road, made not of dreams per se, but of laws, of ordinary practices, military surges, and construction ="trms">technologies

...intensities pass from body to body='lgc'>:
="lsts lst1">•human bodies
="lsts lst1">•="trms">animal bodies
="lsts lst1">•machine bodies
="lsts lst1">•bodies of thought
="lsts lst1">•eco="trms">systems
="lsts lst1">•="trms">visceralities and noumena
="lsts lst1">•="trms">histories
="lsts lst1">•the seamless habitus of super="trms">markets and credit cards
="lsts lst1">•

(="ppl">="ppl">Stewart's) precarity's form='lgc'>: com="trms">positional ='lgc'>+ decom="trms">positional

attachments, temps, ="trms">materialities, states of being[...]