[...]/> ='strcls'>*to have contact with ="trms">society is an unavoidable, necessary, disquisting, all-embracing gift='strcls'>*

(in West and elsewhere) individuals who identify their fellow citizens as undesirable obstacles to their freedom, health, wealth ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> antibacterial brands

(in Germany) ="trms">integration ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> overdeveloped sense of our own immunity

="large lg2" stl="font-size:112%"> ="display:block;white-space:nowrap;margin-bottom:-1em;overflow:hidden;">...................................

='lgc'>[Mary Douglas='lgc'>]

bring bewitched (in Sudan, Azande) ='lgc'>~= finding oneself the victim of embezzlement اختلاس (for ="trms">modern person)
='lgc'>=/= fear (="trms">category of ="trms">horror)


dirt='lgc'> = disorder

eliminating dirt is a ="trms">positive effort to organize the environment (='lgc'>='lgc'>--> we are not removing something) ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> creative movement

cleaning='lgc'>: to relate form to function, to make unity of experience
='lgc'>='lgc'>~~> part of the project of ="trms">religion (atonement)

pollution='lgc'>:
="lstsrd">1. ="trms">instrumental ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> change someone's behavior
="lstsrd">2. expressive ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> (a general view of) ="trms">social order

pollution ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> claim ='and'>& counter-claim to status


sex pollution ='lgc'><='lgc'>='lgc'>--> body pollution

sexual d="trms"nttrm="danger,stranger">anger ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ="trms">symbole of ="trms">relation between parts of ="trms">society (hierarchy, collaboration, distinctiveness of ="trms">social units)


expressive over="trms">systematizing ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> (sometimes) necessary to ="trms">interpret beliefs

="trms">cosmologies with pollution ="trms">symbol

reflection on dirt='lgc'> = reflection on ="trms">relation of order to disorder, being to non-being, form to formlessness, life to death

rules of purity ='lgc'>~= comparative ="trms">religion

(primitive='lgc'>:) sacredness ='lgc'>~= uncleanness


='lgc'>[an idea of='lgc'>] sanctity='lgc'> = (a little more than) prohibition ='lgc'>}='lgc'>='lgc'>--> to protect profanity from divinity

hindu ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> relative notion of pollution
cow dung is relatively pure to a Brahman priest, impure to a god

='strcls'>*respect ='lgc'><='lgc'>='lgc'>--> pollution='strcls'>*
="lsts lst1">•khak-e pa خاک پا (feet's dirt)
="lsts lst1">•dirt/dust as cleansing ="trms">agent
="lsts lst1">•


Frazer > ="frds scrmbld"nttrm="Robin,Robot,Robert,Robocop">Robertson Smith (old testament scholar)
taboo='lgc'>: restriction of man's arbitrary use of ="trms">natural things ='lgc'>+ super="trms">natural penalty (='lgc'>--inspire='lgc'>='lgc'>--> fear ='lgc'>+ precaution) ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> rules of uncleanliness

uncleanliness ='lgc'>='lgc'>-->
="lsts lst1">•super="trms">natural d="trms"nttrm="danger,stranger">anger
="lsts lst1">•spiritual state of unworthiness (christianity)
="lsts lst1">•


i have a savage explanation...

='strcls'>*separation='strcls'>*
clean='lgc'> = set apart='lgc'> = holy

“primitive ='lgc'>=/= advanced” ='lgc'>:
='strcls'>**hyper attention to the ="trms">material circumstances of an act='strcls'>** ='lgc'>=/= christian (rules of holiness ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> motive ='and'>& dis="trms">position of ="trms">agent is important)

contact with corpse
contact with blood


theology='lgc'>: god man ="trms">relationship ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> assert (a de="trms">finition of) ="trms">nature of human


='strcls'>*most thinking men in the second part of 19th century were amateur ="trms">anthropologists='strcls'>*
='lgc'>='lgc'>--> confused dialogue between ="trms">anthropology ='and'>& theology

(Tylor='lgc'>:) the theory of progression='lgc'>: “civilization='lgc'> = gradual progress from an o="trms"nttrm="righ,rigo,riga,rigi,trig,rign">riginal state similar to that of savagery” ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ='thdf'>the idea of general continuity of human culture ='lgc'>[='lgc'>-='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ='gtrw'>go to ="trms">integration='lgc'>]
“man='lgc'> = long process of (cultural) evolution”
what we do ='and'>& believe is fossil (petrified appendages)

="lsts lst1">•Tylor ='lgc'>--="trms">interest='lgc'>='lgc'>--> what quaint relics can tell us about the ="trms">past ='lgc'>==found='lgc'>='lgc'>==> folklore
="lsts lst1">•Smith ='lgc'>--="trms">interest='lgc'>='lgc'>--> common elements in ="trms">modern and primitive experience ='lgc'>==found='lgc'>='lgc'>==> ="trms">social ="trms">anthropology


Green
theory of moral progress
existence and recognition of ="trms">specific duties
self-sacrifice
reverence
man='lgc'> = unrealized ideal of a best (God)
='strcls'>*="trms">religion ='lgc'><='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ethical values of ="trms">community life='strcls'>* (='lgc'>=/= speculative thought, exotic mythology, arbitrary ="trms">relationship of an individual person to super="trms">natural power...)
...


(moralizing human ="trms">society='lgc'> = ="trms">community)
(intellectual asset)


Durkheim
="trms">fictive abstract ="trms">nature of ="trms">religious entities ='lgc'>[with no ="trms">material reference='lgc'>] (='lgc'>='lgc'>==> fluid ="trms">liable contagious sacred ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> rituals of separation ='and'>& demarcation)
="lsts lst1">•gold and purple style of ="trms">writing (Golden Bough)
="lsts lst1">•“ethical meaning ='lgc'>=/= magical meaning”

non-sacred magic ='lgc'>=/=='qstn'>? sacred
magical belief ='lgc'><='lgc'>='lgc'>--> primitive hygiene


two assumptions of English nineteen century thought='lgc'>:
="lstsrd">1. ethical refinement is a mark of advanced civilization
="lstsrd">2. magic had nothing to do with morals or ="trms">religion
='lgc'>}='lgc'>==Frazer='lgc'>='lgc'>==> assigned evolutionary assumptions to human culture three ="trms">stages of development ='lgc'>='lgc'>-->='lgc'>{ “magic='lgc'>: primitive ="trms">science” ='lgc'>--to='lgc'>='lgc'>--> “="trms">religion='lgc'>: priestly ='and'>& political fraud” ='lgc'>--to='lgc'>='lgc'>--> “="trms">science” ='lgc'>}='lgc'><='lgc'>-- ="ppl">Hegelian dialectic
='lgc'>}='lgc'>--='not'>✕='lgc'>='lgc'>--> wisdom and philosophic depth of primitive cultures



Babylonian ='lgc'>+ Assyrian ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> “sin='lgc'> = ="trms">material impurity” ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> blood='lgc'>: sin-remover

(during ="ppl">Homer) ="trms">Greek thought ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> relatively free of ritual pollution
pollution concepts emerge later (expressed in classical drama)

clean and polluted ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> man's destiny
(it seemed always we had a clean future)



the ='thdf'>bad idea of ='strcls'>*medical approach to ="trms">symbolism='strcls'>*

comparative ="trms">religion ='lgc'>=/= medical ="trms">materialism
(for example Jewish and Islamic avoidance of eating pork is explained as due to the d="trms"nttrm="danger,stranger">angers of eating pork in hot climate)

='strcls'>*hygienic basis='strcls'>* of (some) ancient rites


Moses's dietary rules ='lgc'>~~='not'>✕='lgc'>='lgc'>~~> enlightened public health administrator

Yoruba (cult of smallpox diety)
left hand to handle dirt
="trms"nttrm="righ,rigo,riga,rigi,trig,rign">right hand to eat


(source of impurity ='lgc'>='lgc'>-->) all bodily e="trms">missions ='lgc'>~/= eating ='lgc'><='lgc'>-- a person is in the middle state of purity

india ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ground does not act as a conductor
="nms">iran ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ground acts as a conductor

ritual pollution
ideas of dirt ='lgc'>--Douglas='lgc'>='lgc'>-->(also) express ="trms">symbolic ="trms">system

European ideas of defilement='lgc'>:
="lstsrd">1. dirt avoidance is a ="trms">matter of hygiene or ="trms">aesthetics (not ="trms">religion)
="lstsrd">2. ='thdf'>the idea of dirt is dominated by a knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge of pathogenic organisms (='lgc'><='lgc'>== 19th century discovery of bacteria)

(context of) pathogemicity

(old de="trms">finition of) ='lgc'>[='strcls'>*='lgc'>]dirt='lgc'>: ="trms">matter out of place
='lgc'>}='lgc'>='lgc'>==>
="lstsrd">1. ='strcls'>*where there is dirt there is ="trms">system='strcls'>* (dirt is not an isolated event) ='lgc'>='lgc'>-->='lgc'>{ ="trms">systemic ordering ='and'>& clarification of ="trms">matter ='lgc'>==byproduct='lgc'>='lgc'>==> dirt ='lgc'>}='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ="trms">symbolism (="trms">symbolic ="trms">system of purity)
="lstsrd">2.


ominous compendium (a garbage collector)

schema='lgc'>: pattern-making tendency of perception
a filtering mechanism which at first only lets in sensations we know how to use


rituals of separation ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> boundaries, margins, ="trms">internal links ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> total structure of thought ='lgc'>='lgc'>==> pollution ideas



="trms">book of Leviticus
="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">list of abomination='lgc'>:
="lsts lst1">•clean='lgc'>: frog,
="lsts lst1">•dirty='lgc'>: camel, hare, rock badger, some locusts, mouse, hippopotamus,
="lsts lst1">•='qstn'>?='lgc'>: chameleon, mole, cro="trms">codile,

="large lg3" stl="font-size:110%"> eatable='lgc'>:
any ="trms">animal with hoof
c="trms">loven-footed
chews the cud (partly di="trms">gested food return to mouth for further chewing)

don't eat='lgc'>:
raven after their kind (in agreement with one's ="trms">nature)
night hawk after their kind
the little owl, the great owl, the water hen
stork after their kind
hoo="trms">poe and bat
all winged insects are unclean for you
all clean winged things you may eat

everything in the water that has not fins and scales is an abomination to you

whoever touches their carcass shall be unclean until the evening

="large lg4" stl="font-size:111%"> __they are unclean to you__

among the swarming things that swarm upon the earth

the weasel, the mouse, the great lizard ="trms">according to its kind

whoever touches them when they are dead shall be unclean until the evening
and anything upon which any of them falls when they are dead shall be unclean

every swarming thing that swarms upon the earth is an abomination; it shall not be eaten. whatever goes on its belly, and whatever goes on all fours, it whatever has many feet, will the swarming things that swarm upon the earth, you shall not eat; for they are an abomination.

="large lg5" stl="font-size:164%"> ='lgc'>}='lgc'>-- Douglas='lgc'>='lgc'>--> (intent is) disciplinary ='lgc'>=/= doctrinal


...as X ... disposed to believe Y

clean ="trms">animals
="trms">animals animated by other beings (superhuman, demonic, etc.)

='thdf'>the idea of allegorical exegesis ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> “each law about forbidden foods has its deep reasons”
“c="trms">loven-hoofed ="trms">animal which part their hooves ='lgc'>: all our actions must betray pr[...]