[...] now refers to befor, here to its beyond, and so on without cease='strcls'>***
(in ="nms">iranian ="trms">poetry) environment='lgc'>: a pure ="trms">system of ="trms">relations without supports

='strcls'>*='lgc'>}='lgc'>==> environment='lgc'>: a universal ="trms">instrument for dissolving ='strcls'>*individualized organic synthesis='strcls'>* in the anonymity of universal elements and movements
(='thdf'>for example) ="trms"nttrm="metaph,metamorph,metabol,metal">metamerism of fish='lgc'>: “fish do not lead their lives themselves, the river has made them lead it, they are ='strcls'>*persons without personality='strcls'>* (='lgc'><== strictly mechanistic use of ='thdf'>the notion of environment ='lgc'>[='lgc'><='lgc'>-- ="ppl">Descartes ="trms">beast machine='lgc'>])
Lamarck='lgc'>: the environment dominates and control the evolution of living beings through the ="trms">intermediary of ='strcls'>*need='strcls'>*(= a subjective notion entailing reference to a ="trms">positive pole of vital values)
(for Lamarck='lgc'>:) life and environment (which is unaware of it ='lgc'>~(Lamarckian ='strcls'>*vitalism='strcls'>*='lgc'>:) ‘there is an o="trms"nttrm="righ,rigo,riga,rigi,trig,rign">riginality of life of which the environment takes no account’) are two series of a="trms">synchronous events ='lgc'>==>
='lgc'>[='strcls'>*='lgc'>]adaptation='lgc'>: life's renewed effort to “stick” to an in="trms">different environment
='lgc'>[='strcls'>*='lgc'>]being='lgc'>: the effect of an effort ='lgc'>[='lgc'>--='qstn'>?='lgc'>='lgc'>--> striving='lgc'>]
(='lgc'>='lgc'>--> this a="trms">synchronicity ='lgc'>==> “us” and “place”)
='lgc'>==> environment does nothing for life ='lgc'>--Bichat='lgc'>='lgc'>--> “life='lgc'>: set of functions that resist death” (='lgc'>='lgc'>~-> tales of survival in America sci-fi TV series)
life resists solely by changing its shape in order to survive


="ppl">Darwin explaining the ‘appearance of new forms’ conjunction of two mechanisms='lgc'>:
="lstsrd">1- mechanism of the production of ="trms">differences ='lgc'>~ variation
="lstsrd">2- mechanism of the reduction and criticism of these produced ="trms">differences ='lgc'>~ vital competition and ="trms">natural selection
(for ="ppl">Darwin the fundamental biological ="trms">relationship='lgc'>:) the ="trms">relationship of the living being to other living beings ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> precedence over environment conceived as a set of physical forces
="prgrph">-competition of forces
="prgrph">-accidental ="trms">morphological variation
(for ="ppl">Darwin='lgc'>:) ‘to live'='lgc'> = to submit an individual ="trms">difference to the judgment of the set of living beings ='lgc'>='lgc'>~= ='strcls'>*die or be part of the jury='strcls'>*
="trms">monstrosity='lgc'>: the rule
o="trms"nttrm="righ,rigo,riga,rigi,trig,rign">riginality='lgc'>: provisional ordinariness

="large lg2" stl="font-size:112%">
finalism ='lgc'>--="ppl">Darwin='lgc'>='lgc'>--> selection
='strcls'>***both Lamarck and ="ppl">Darwin denounce finalism and celebrate mechanism
(both, ='lgc'>[complementary='lgc'>] biologists to whom) life appears as a datum which they seek to describe without being too concerned about accounting for it analytically ='lgc'>[='lgc'>='lgc'>--> not accouting for the analyticallity of their objects='qstn'>?='lgc'>]
Lamarck ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> (thinks of life in terms of) ='strcls'>*duration='strcls'>*
="ppl">Darwin ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> (thinks of life in terms of) ='strcls'>*="trms">interdependence='strcls'>*

="ppl">Darwin's biogeographical environment ='lgc'>=/=='qstn'>? Lamarck's environment


="ppl">Humboldt (and Ritter) ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> (19th century) geography='lgc'>: a ="trms">science conscious of its ="trms">method and its dignity
(="trms">natura="trms"nttrm="listen,alist,ilist,llist,olist,ylist,ulist">list ="trms">traveler ='lgc'>='lgc'>-->) ='strcls'>*="ppl">Humboldt's “Kosmos” ='lgc'>[='lgc'>~ synthesis of knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge, not aiming to be encyclopedic, but strives ='strcls'>***to arrive at an intuition of the universe='strcls'>***='lgc'>] combining='lgc'>:
="lsts lst1">•(“oikoumene” tradition of ="trms">Greek geography='lgc'>:) ='strcls'>*the ="trms">science of the entire human ="trms">world='strcls'>* ='lgc'>[='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ="nms">ajayeb='lgc'>]
="lsts lst1">•(“mathematical geography” founded by Eratosthenes, Hipparchus, Ptolemy='lgc'>:) ='strcls'>*the ="trms">science of coordination of human space in ="trms">relation with the celectial con="trms">figuration and movements='strcls'>* ='lgc'>[='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ="ppl">Olearius='lgc'>]
='lgc'>}='lgc'>==> Earth ='lgc'>[considered as a whole='lgc'>]='lgc'>: (stable support for the) ='strcls'>*فراز و نشيب vicis="trms">situde of ="trms">history='strcls'>* ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ‘terrestrial space ='lgc'>+ its con="trms">figurations’ ='lgc'>: object of geographical, geological, ="trms">sociological, biological knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge
(="ppl">Humboldt) applied a whole ="trms">system of barometric, thermometric in his investigation. ='strcls'>*division of plants='strcls'>* ="trms">according to ="trms">different climates ='lgc'>==> “botanical geography” ='and'>& “="trms">zoological geography”

="trms">history of the Weltanschauung

='strcls'>*****how ="ppl">Humboldt (and Ritter, ='lgc'>[even ="ppl">Simondon does that too='lgc'>]) apply the ='strcls'>*="trms">category of totality='strcls'>* to their object ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> the ="trms">relations between ="trms">historical man and the environment ='lgc'>==> ='strcls'>*determination of ="trms">historical ="trms">relationships='strcls'>*

the ="trms">relations between the geographical environment and man ='lgc'>==> a spirit
(='lgc'>='lgc'>-->) ='strcls'>*doing ="trms">history='strcls'>*='lgc'>: ="trms"nttrm="already,spread">reading a map, understanding by map the re="trms">presentation of a set of metrical, geodesic, geological, climatological, and descriptive biogeographical ="trms">data


Loeb ='lgc'>+ Watson (phototropism in ='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=animal'>animals)='lgc'>:
every movement of the organism in the environment='lgc'> = a movement into which the environment forces the organism ='lgc'>==> ='strcls'>**='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=animal'>animal='lgc'> = reflex='strcls'>** ='lgc'>='lgc'><='lgc'>-->='lgc'>{="ppl">Darwinism ='lgc'>+ ="ppl">Cartesianism ='lgc'>==> behaviorist psychology='strcls'>*='lgc'>}
(Watson='lgc'>:) ='lgc'>[='strcls'>*='lgc'>]psychology='lgc'>: program of the analytical investigation of the ‘stimulus-="trms">response couple'='lgc'>[= conditions of the living being's adaptation to the environment through the experimental production of ="trms">relations between stimulation and ="trms">response='lgc'>] (='lgc'><='lgc'>-- one of physical determinism) ='lgc'>==> consciousness nullified as illusory
(the living being's ="trms">situation='lgc'>:) “its being='lgc'> = a conditioning” (='lgc'>='lgc'>--> as artists we still have to deal with this idea or image, it is about the reality the artist receives and what they make of it)


process of reduction='lgc'>:
(="nms">ajayeb ='lgc'>--to='lgc'>='lgc'>-->) biology ='lgc'>--to='lgc'>='lgc'>--> behavior ='lgc'>--to='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ="trms">neurology ='lgc'>--to='lgc'>='lgc'>--> energetics (='lgc'>--to='lgc'>='lgc'>--> electronics)

the perfect work of behaviorist psychology='lgc'>: construct man as a machine reacting to machines

Condillac's ="trms">fable of the statue='lgc'>: in the rose's perfume, the statue is the rose's perfume ='lgc'>==> living organism='lgc'> = ="trms">respond to sensory stimulation (the physical mileu, light and heat, carbon and oxygen, calcium and gravity)

(="ppl">Canguilhem asking) where is the living being='qstn'>? ='lgc'><='lgc'>-- ="ppl">Kohn

='lgc'>==> subjects “taking action” ='lgc'>=/= objects “in movement”

we see individuals ='lgc'>--but='lgc'>='lgc'>--> these are objects
we see centers ='lgc'>--but='lgc'>='lgc'>--> these are environments
we see machinists ='lgc'>--but='lgc'>='lgc'>--> these are machines

environment of behavior ='lgc'>--coincides-with='lgc'>='lgc'>--> geographical environment ='lgc'>--coincides-with='lgc'>='lgc'>--> physical environment

="large lg1" stl="font-size:136%">
“in a human environment, man is obviously subject to a form of determinism, but it is the determinism of artificial creations in which the spirit of invention which calls them into existence is alienated.”

='strcls'>*psycho-="trms">technique of engineers='strcls'>*

...to grasp the ="trms">presence in man of his own o="trms"nttrm="righ,rigo,riga,rigi,trig,rign">riginality ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ='at'>@="frds scrmbld">Maarten, Mobed
as an irreducible center of resistance

“man, even when subordinated to the machine, never manages to grasp himself as a machine. his efficiency is greater the more he is aware of his central ="trms">situation with regard to the mechanisms intended to serve him” ='lgc'>[='lgc'><='lgc'>-- ='strcls'>*a bad ="trms">story (of The Terminator, The 100, The Magicians, etc.)='lgc'>]


(="ppl">Darwin, Laeb's) ="trms">pragmatism='lgc'>: ="trms">generalization of ='thdf'>the notion of adaptation to the theory of knowl="trms"nttrm="knowledge,Knowledge">edge

reference of organis movement to the organims itself as essential

="large lg3" stl="font-size:111%"> (prepared by ="ppl">Kantor, Tolmann's) teleological behaviorism='lgc'>: recognizing the sense and intention of ='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=animal'>animal movement


(where, for whom, the individuality of the living organism stops='qstn'>?)
="lsts lst1">•at its ectodermic borders
="lsts lst1">•at the cell
="lsts lst1">•

cell='lgc'>: an environment of infra-cellular elements, it lives in an ="trms">internal environment which sometimes has the dimensions of an ='strcls'>*organ='strcls'>* and sometimes of the ='strcls'>*organism='strcls'>*

="large lg4" stl="font-size:110%">
Uexküll ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> Umwelt ='lgc'>=/= Umgebung ='lgc'>=/= Welt
="lsts lst1">•='strcls'>*Umwelt='strcls'>* distinguishes the environment of behavior ="trms">specific to an organism
="lsts lst1">•='strcls'>*Umgebung='strcls'>*='lgc'>: the ordinary geographical environment
="lsts lst1">•='strcls'>*Welt='strcls'>*='lgc'>: the universe of ="trms">science

Umwelt ='lgc'>~ the ="trms">specific environment of behavior (for the living being)='lgc'>: a set of ex="trms">citations

to be effective it must be anticipated by an attitude of the subject ='lgc'>~ ‘if the living being is not seeking, it won't receive anything’

Buffon ='and'>& Lamarck ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> time and favorable circumstances gradually constitute the living
='lgc'>=/= Uexküll ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> time and favorable circumstances are relative to such and such living beings

="large lg5" stl="font-size:143%"> ='lgc'>==> Umwelt='lgc'>: an elective sample in the Umgebung ='lgc'>}='lgc'>='lgc'>--> milieu
environment='lgc'>: “man's Umwelt” ='lgc'>~ the ordinary ="trms">world of his perspective and ="trms">pragmatic experience

='strcls'>*human suject='lgc'>: creator of ="trms">techniques and values
='lgc'>==> ='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=animal'>animal's Umwelt='lgc'>: a centered environment/milieu relative to this living being as essentially a subject of vital values

a subjectivity at the root of this organization ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> شپش shepesh tick

Uexküll ="trms">story of the tick ='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ='strcls'>*mechanical theory of the reflex='strcls'>*
...the ='trgt hghlght 1'href='?q=animal'>animal may remain completely in="trms">different and insensitive for a considerable length of time to all the ex="trms">citations of an environment like a forest, and that the only ex="trms">citation that is capable of t="trms"nttrm="righ,rigo,riga,rigi,trig,rign">riggering its movement, to the ex="trms">="trms"nttrm="cluster,club">clusion of any other, is the odor of rancid butter.
='lgc'>='lgc'>--> ='strcls'>*an organism is therefore never equal to [...]