[...]istraction to true knowledge.]

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The cunning of “getting to know them” [...]
You politely approach in order to get to know them, research as a lure for yourself to be transformed by the encounter. The nontransportive investigation is in fact full of transformations.


It is important to think about traps not as something great and necessary, but in a sense that we should be able to recognize and choose sometimes not to do it. I think we need lures, because the world is transient, shifting, disconcerting, ambiguous, and so are we. The question always is which trap are you caught in? How does it look like? Are you alone in it? Which Cinderella is making you a trap?

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________________

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points
* define cunning intelligence
   * greek notion of “metis” (you are a hunter: the world is made of traps and animals are full of cunning)
   * bonds --> fox + octopus
   * fox forest story kelile demne
      * is fox detached from the mimesis of the forest? Is this what critical intelligence looks like? by putting his paw and breaking that fragile assemble of skin, fat, tree, and wind. he reveals a lie. what other animals are trap engagers?
      * in which context you say yes to the trap?
* differentiate metis from Cinderella’s mouse trap (mechane, techne)
   * * trap as research method, but it has a double bind, it is as much as a lure for oneself as for the other
   *



my mimetic preoccupations --> with memory


(from mnemonic devices) to mimetic devices (lure)
mimetic participation with X
(with lures and traps we have mimetic participation)


a useful and necessary difference, synthesized by the Greeks--Plato and Aristotle
diegesis =/=? mimesis
(telling) -- (showing)
(recounted) -- (enacted)


you don’t get necessarily fossilized by it


mimetic =/= semiotic
enacted showing other than you (=/= telling)
figuration by trying to imitate
to copy = mimesis + techne
(summoning =/= mimesis)
getting caught in a form
it is form, but it is not about form
industry of fashion is about mimesis
problem of realism =/= problem of mimesis

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________________

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2. a better mouse trap
Cinderella

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and now I tell you...
what exactly a trap is made of...
text: condensed, everything

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1. mouse trap
◦diary of Cinderella, a lover and interlocutor of mice
who is a mouse lover, a mouse career, a mouse interlocutor (somebody who listens and tells stories), but she is also a shepherd.
◦“which trap are you caught in?” is always relevant question
2. spider web




1. Benjamin Alberti
◦minoan culture (pottery in ancient Greek)
◦artifacts and appendices --> traps
2. Eva Hayward
◽animal thinker
◽transanimality
◽[*]trap: a mouth, a mode of utterance, the “O” curve of lips and throat that sounds out and names the apprehension of being embodied
--> ***positionality ~/= situatedness = to be trapped*** (to speak and receive ranges of sensuous input from one's environment) --> *our bodies are not endlessly available to intentionality*
3. Marcel Detienne
◦[*]metis: intelligence which operates in the world of becoming, in circumstances of conflict = forethought perspicacity + quickness and acuteness of understanding + trickery + deceit
◦[*]trap = polymorphism (the opposite of what it seems to be)
◦dolos mechanos
◦(dolos -->) [*]cunning: woven, braiding or interlacing, *fitted together* <-- ***ancient techniques that use the pliability and torsion of plant fibers to make knots, ropes, meshes and nets to surprise, trap and bind*** <-- the idea that ***many pieces can be fitted together to produce a well-articulated whole*** (~=? art)
4. Vinciane Despret




dictionary of crafts and arts (D+A)
extraordinary gesture of collecting and describing in details the skills and techniques of not the elite but the ordinary craftsman
older styles of trap-making
it is important to include the violence (asymmetry) of trap-making, that it is not a consensual relation to the other


kelile demne
indian courts to teach the young princes the art of cunning
putting your paw in the source of the thing (fat)
what is the problem with the fox?
what kind of wit or intelligence is that?
are there other ways of reading random combination of environmental elements that signal something accidental to you and orient the other animals in the forest?


once you starting thinking with trap, you start to see them everywhere?


you are always trapped, the question is which trap are you caught in?
can it be dismantled? do you bring others in it?
do you move with the trap while being stuck in it?
which Cinderella is making you a trap?


--> a way of thinking about ways of being with technical objects without mastery or understanding them or being an engineer. we are not in a engineering relationship with traps, we are in heuristic relation with something that catches you long enough.


teasing with the negativity of traps (the entrapment)

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we are not having engineering knowledge about the technicality of the object (trap), we are moved by the heuristic fascination for it.
temporarily
“the negativity of the trap” :
violence of trapping
not voluntary
surprise

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kelile demne
fox sound in forest story


we are always related, composed into something
the bullshit of “freedom”: if you’d be free, you’d have no story, no connections, no memory.
it is a kind of story that more than anyone the marketing industries today wants us to be free --> freedom is the cornerstone of consumer culture


for me: trap is at the core of understanding knowledge, of the relationship to the other, to crafts, to art


trap: corpus of zoo-anthropo-biomorphic artifact
the trap-maker imagining what is the perspective of radically different being
if you make a trap for other animals you are fully engaged in multi-species perspectival game
the body is fully engaged in a perspectival communication


perspectival battle of will
construction of affect
being in relation to “variety”
when you are in the business of trap-making you are in the realm of knowing different things (differential, different things that have little to do with each other)


incite, to cite, to bring the source of others
to incite: to encourage violent behavior by unorthodox behavior

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trap research
1. physical body, sensual relationship
2. (literal/virtual) abstraction: you turn the environment into an abstraction to construct something through it
1. abstraction: an erotic lure for the soul
3. mimesis: how meaning is formed
(--> propositions)


lure
in the sense of house of candy in Hansel and Gretel


to be able to be caught in traps, even if their are accidental, just created by random, emergent, coalescence of elements in the environment. sometimes there is no maker behind the trap.


making images as lures for my research
“making” is not an expressive medium (not a medium of communication), but a research tool
(Line) “gentle trapping towards something you want”

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Despret
she asks how scientist relate to animals when they do field study
your test experiment is a form of a trap that you gain knowledge from
is there a way that we can ask the animal what interest them?


if you are investigating, how to make conjectures? conjecture: a kind of temporary hypothesis that allow you to go to the next
investigative research: your subject does not speak english to you --> what is interesting for the other


art of the lure
art of learning from those whose enigma you are trying to solve (and have no intention in helping you)
to solve the enigma (of the raven, or the artwork of the student) --> you have to make interesting and radically speculative choices in how you produce knowledge about the work of others


fishermen and hunters, at the edge of the forest or the shore, where animals come to check out the other realms, is where they build the trap
--> fishermen and hunters are the original thinkers of this kind of intelligence, you transform knowledge by learning from animals. it is prolonged, practical, and crafty

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spider
expert at waiting ---> go to Cinderella’s waiting
building environment from body liquids --> becoming bodily = the near-by-ness of things
=/= fox: suspicious

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being lured into desiring and trusting <-- this is basically the game (at the school)


critique is an art that tangles with what you are proposing
fox --> lure
octopus --> best lure-engagers (they love the trap, they can’t get enough of it)

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the O
the curved lips
apprehension of that which to be embodies


to be trapped = to be situated
situatedness =/= positionality

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we are not fully intentionally engaged with things
what we do is not intentionally all the time

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all of this is not contextualized in adult political discourse, but I put it in children fairy tales (the Cinderella)
this is where I want the notion of trap to be situated (comprehended).

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________________

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Enrica's transcription



trap in relationship to knowledge, art

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Trap is a zoo anthropo biomorphic artifact
if you make a trap for another animal, you think from trans species perspective
it is a dangerous game
a body fully engaged in a perspectival communication

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perspectival battle of wills


trap making = in the realm of bridging different sort of knowledge that has nothing to do with you
•To cite =/= to incite (unorthodox behavior)




Searching paths:
•bodily capture
•violence of the construction
•mimesis : how meaning takes form




But also traps get me trapped
lore - hansel and gretel’s house: doesn’t look like a trap but …
sometimes there is no maker behind the trap (is this a scandal? is this emptiness?)

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how to make you interested in my trap/chapter?
images making/painting as a research tool/assemblage
gentle trapping yourself to where you like to stay

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Vinciane Despret, “What Would Animals Say If We Asked the Right Questions?”
a conversation between scientist and animals in wild
your text experience is a trap, something that you gain knowledge from. Is there even a way to politely ask animals a question?
investigative research - how to deal with another subject that doesn’t even speak English to you? what trap am i being constructed into? what is the raven interested in?
and we are different things


the art of the lore and the tricks, learning from enygma - I’m interested in how do you produce knowledge from the work of others? [Sina, in the position of coordinator of the Master/educator]
edgy (transsectoral worlds): the edge of the forest, where sea and forest meet - where hunters/fishermen meet (...)


FOX suspicious - someone who s smart
“Sina, don’t be tricked!” my mom would tell me
a lore into desire
my needs =/= lores


OCTOPUS
best engagers
tentacles

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Abstraction as an erotic lore of the soul
eroticism is here in the book
an open trap in the forest as an open mouth that names the apprehension that embodies
to be situated (how you are trapped/Haraway, how do you receive ranges from the environment you are caught in) VS positionality (i’m white, 40 years old, Italian, … and than you speak from that - it actually excludes possibility of hybridization)
we are not available to intentionality all the time [i need to take some time to think with this sentence]


time focuses on individual
trapping implies relationality
a trap/trapper/the trapped ones

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a story from Kalila and Dimna: rabbit, mouse, frog are trapped together and they bond about how to get rid of it. eventually they start to move from within it (not from escaping the trap) as a monstrous hybrid.


Fables: Cinderella precarious situation
I want to break with Artaud idea (“to be powerless” is a bad idea): plea for traps:
care, writing, work happens when you are trapped!

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________________

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trap


[*]trap
(enigma of the apparently inexplicable behavior) --> *how to ask the ravens, with the same politeness, to take a position in relations to all the possible conjectures of the investigation?* how to ask them to teach us the good explanation, the right motive? ==> the researcher will have to learn the ***art of the trap and the net*** = the art of the lure and the trick = ***the art of learning from those whose enigma you are trying to solve*** (and have no intention of helping you) --> ‘how that which counts can count for them’
•*the art of metis / cunning intelligence* : the particular form of intelligence that the greeks (learning from hunters and fishermen) cultivated = intuition شهود + cunning مکر + perspicacity فراست + dissimulation فریب + improvisation بدیهه + vigilant attention هوشيار + sense of timeliness بجا (<-- this type of “getting to know” was constituted exaclty to be found in a domain where human intelligence is constantly at grips with the land or sea animals in an are where humans saw their intelligence and techniques transform in learning from animals**** [-how to prolong the possibility of this transformation?]) <-- *it is the only way of getting to know that can hope to address intelligent highly flexible* (Despret > Heinrish) = ravens who require of those who want to know them the same flexibility and the same intelligence
}-->[reading ajayeb bestiary as enigma; Bambi's mother studies; little mermaid; (using Despret's ethological research to think about) art of feedback ~= getting to know you =/= audience engagement]

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strange politeness
art of cunning (lures + manipulation) --> enticing ravens
*seeing without being seen*
obliging them : luring them to actualize the choices : ***creating situations as if they were natural*** (so as to let the birds do the talking)
(it is a matter of) rendering them more robust [giving them the occasion to resists, of giving them *the power to send the researcher/storyteller to work* =/= to disarticulate (what Ferdosi does in Shahnameh to the Div)]

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to find an enticement that interests them ~= to let himself be recruited by them
[from Latin “cresc-” grow, rise ==> crescent, crew, decrease, crescendo, recruit]


to trust them = to act like them
@apass feedback (differential knowledge that is created because of not trusting)

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the lure could be used to respond to this question: the ravens fall for the trick
...not only do the ravens not respond to questions but they pose new ones

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---> the story of birds entrapped escape away with the cage

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THE prey and THE visible (both are categories of forest life survival stories. also have high stakes in iranian culture, thought, and philosophy)
--> what is important for a living self?


(bab-e) hekayat-e dusti-e kabutar o zagh o mush o bakhe o aahu o ...
بابِ / حکایت دوستی کبوتر و زاغ و موش و باخه و آهو و ...
[everyone?]
[the story of the friendship of these animals; the quality, properties, and pitfalls of relation]
•what is (re)activating the *imaginary friend*? (is it really fully on shut-down?) ---> trap to abstract thought? ---> this ‘abstract thought’ is dangerous for “sadness” to get lost in it, but it is amazing for “joy”
•how much we need sadness?


why jackal is so persistent and play-full (full of “plays”) in Kelile o Demne's bestiary?

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bird people
,
fox people


,


‘shekar’ [شکار prey] and ‘ashkar’ [آشکار visible], two entities in play, like the game of stone-paper-scissors, a link in our shared literature that relates the perceptible to the subject of hunt. in a discourse of friendship and enmity, the visible anticipating itself as target for violence, becomes meaningful when we approach it in a game-theoretic-semiotic linkage, relating and tying together issues of voyeurism, surveillance, violence, mediation, and predation in poetic itineraries.


reading and greeting

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________________

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metis

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speeches (logos) and artifices (mechane)


dolos, mechane, techne, kerdos, apate, aiolos, poikilos, haimulos
quick, supple, wiley, deceitful, to confront the unexpected on every occasion,


wiley intelligence: effective adaptable cunning =/= contemplating unchanging essences
(patterns of thought relating to metis:)
craftsman's skills
theogony
myth
sovereignty
metamorphoses of a marine deity


metis: Zeus’ first wife


metis =? zerang زرنگ, rend رند


[*]wiley: a mind able to twist and turn in every direction


forms of knowledge of Athena, Hephaestus, Hermes, Aphrodite, Zeus, Prometheus --?-->
•a hunting trap
•a fishing net
•skills of a basket-maker
•skills of a weaver
•skills of a carpenter
•the mastery of a navigator
•the flair of a politician
•the experienced eye of a doctor
•the tricks of a crafty character such as Odysseus
•back-tracking of a fox
•polymorphism of an octopus
•solving of enigmas and riddles
•beguiling rhetorical illusionism of the sophists


(Greek's) ancient technical traditions --> particular type of intelligence: *objects which must be dominated by cunning*
(Detienne's research) to define one major category of the mind


practical intelligence manifested in the skills of the artisan (---> go to 3D hacker)


metis: coherent body of mental attitudes and intellectual behavior which combine flair, wisdom, forethought, subtlety of mind, deception, resourcefulness, vigilance, opportunism, various skills, and experience acquired over the years --> applied to situations which are transient, shifting, disconcerting, ambiguous


routine
chancey inspiration
changeable opinion
charlatanerie


dexterity
sureness of eye
sharpwittedness
}--Plato--> belong to a type of cognition which is alien to truth and quite separate from episteme, knowledge =/= Aristotle's “practical intelligence”


Plato
skill: *starting from the Forms, produces in the world of Becoming* creations that are as real, stable and organized as is possible


greek deity ~= ***Powers (power of binding) in a situation of confrontation*** --> find themselves in either position as victors =/= as vanquished (=/= Cinderella’s position neither victorious nor vanquished)


reality whose limitless polymorphic powers render it almost impossible to seize ==> cunning intelligence ([*]askew: adopt an oblique course, to bend intelligence, ready to go in any direction)
*intelligence attempts to make contact with an object by confronting it in the guise of a rival(= connivance + opposition)*
cunning intelligence (metis) ~/=? trickster, deceiver


[*]dominate: to enclose it/them within the limits of a single, unchangeable form within (his control) + he proves himself to be even more multiple, more mobile, more polyvalent than his adversary

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Zeus’ metis
nothing can surprise him
nothing can cheat his vigilance
nothing can frustrate his designs


Iliad's man of metis: vigilant premeditation (=/= impulsiveness)
•displays a greater grip of the present (where nothing escapes him)
•more awareness of the future (several aspects of which he has already manipulated)
•richer experience accumulated from the past


(Iliad's art of the charioteer -->)
pukine: *dense rich compressed experience*
kairos: fleeting opportunity
metis: catch kairos by surprise (to seize)
poikilos: shimmering sheen and shifting movement [--> *the fox has a mind which is poikilos* ~~> crafty]
aiolos: many-colored (versicolor), marked with colors that overlap [--> all creatures whose wriggling and moving mass is never still: worms, horseflies, wasps, swarm of bees] ~~> he whose cleverness enables him to turn his hand to anything


*comparing the future with the past*
*too look beyond the victory*


Prometheus: the one who reflects in advance =/= Epimetheus: the one who understands after the event (Prometheus's twin brother, his double and opposite)
--> prometheia of man: radical ignorance of the future


cunning's field of application: the world of movement, of multiplicity, of ambiguity (==> metis)
(for the greeks:) continuous metamorphoses is the name of the game + only like could be affected by like
==> a polymorphous monster (mistrustful mobile elusive being)
==> a metamorphing mind (mistrustful mobile elusive mind)


shimmering nature of metis is a mark of its kinship with the divided shifting world of multiplicity


[*]poros: the discovery of a way out (water is very good at poros, finding passage)

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semantic field of cunning intelligence (metis of Iliad + Odyssey)
1. look beyond the immediate present
2. multiple (many-coloured, shifting)
3. duplicity of the trap


dolos --> cunning
kerde --> tricks
kairso --> ability to seize an opportunity

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Treatise on Fishing (Oppian)
Treatise on Hunting (Oppian2)


hunting and fishing (originally) provide the model of intelligence


baits, nets, weels, nooses, snares


dolos, techne, mechane --> in the world of animal & human


**relations of force are constantly upset by the intervention of metis**


metis of fish can take a thousand forms


angler-fish
tongue disguised as food
fleshy appendage growing on the fishing frog is a true fishing bait and as such has a double character: to the little fish it looks for all the world like food but it is food which soon changes itself into a voracious maw


fish = ambiguous creature
sea (...the world of animals) = world of metis
human = hunter/fisherman confronted with a world of traps and at grips with animals full of cunning


Oppian --> it is by *techne* that the octopus merges in with the rock to which it clings


hunter:
1. agility
2. dissimulation: the art of seeing without being seen (dokeuein: to be on the lookout, on the watch)
3. vigilance (mind full of finesse [like fine sugar])


Plato violently condemns line fishing, the hunting of aquatic creatures, the use of weels, the hunting of birds and all forms of hunting with nets and traps, he does so because all these techniques foster the qualities of cunning and duplicity which are diametrically opposed to the virtues that the city of the Laws demanded from its citizen.
(Detienne)

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*fox* and *octopus* -->
in Greek thought serve as models, the incarnation of cunning in the animal world
fox --> reversal (technique of reversing oneself)
octopus --> polymorphism (symbolizes the unseizability that comes from polymorphy)


reversal
•the way fox catches bustards --> it droops its head downward and gently wags its tail, deluded bustards approach this object which they mistake for one of their own kind, fox suddenly turns round
•(foxfish?) fish turns itself inside out like a glove, so that the interior becomes the exterior: the hook falls out


fox
[...]it lives, in its intelligence, in the depths of an earth which is admirably laid out. The dwelling that it digs itself has seven different entrances linked by as many corridors and the openings are situated a long way from each other.
[...]The fox is not to be captured by ambush nor by noose nor by net for it has no equal in smelling out an ambush; it is clever at severing ropes and escaping death through the subtlety of its cunning tricks.
(Oppian > Dettienne)


fox's escape = olisthcinein (in greek: an athlete whose body, rubbed with oil, slips through the grasp of his adversary)


--Detienne--> *it was not in nature that the Greeks found this type of reversal behavior in animals, but rather in their own minds (in the conception that they formed of metis)*
(metis is not something that is “out there”? ---> go to ajayeb bestiary)


octopus
(to the Greeks) octopus = a knot made up of a thousand arms, a living, interlacing, network, a poluplokos being (coil چنبره snake with its coils and folds, labyrinth, Typhon: multiple creature “with a hundred heads” whose trunk tapers out into its eel-like limbs)
*octopus mechane: enables it to merge with the stone to which it clings
*octopus logos: poluplokos
-it too knows how to disappear into the night, but it is a night which it can itself secrete (the ink, this dark cloud, this impenetrable night which defines one of the essential features of the octopus and of the cuttlefish)--> *pathless night* --> metis: only they can discover a poros
cephalopod -->  *oblique creatures*: they have neither front nor rear, they swim sideways with their eyes in front and their mouth behind, their heads haloed by their waving feet ==> confusion of directions --> aporia (aporai)


living traps --> they exploit a device (that Plutarch calls) sophisma: fish lurer


fox + octopus --define-->
•a type of human behavior: *present a different aspect of yourself to each of our friends*(!)
•a model for a form of intelligence (i call it *coiled intelligence* هوش مارپیچ) --trap--> the net in which his adversary becomes entangled [=/= chamaeleon: metamorphoses produced by fear]




fox + octopus --> *master of bonds*
[*]bond = weave + twist
[*]net: invisible (mesh of) bonds <-- favorite technique of metis


arm = bond
every part of its body is a *bond* which can secure anything (but nothing can seize)


*fox = a living bond* (can bend, unbend, reverse its own position at will)


Oppian is all about bonds, ropes, cords
pieces are joined end to end to form the “well twisted withies” (which the good hunter always carries with him)


Hermes: living web of interweaving (sumplekein), stations himself *close to the door*, mobile as the mime


[*]lecture-performance: art of (bending and) interweaving logos


the fisherman's “cloud” is the unyielding answer to the “cloud” of the cuttle-fish
*It is only by himself becoming, by means of his net, a bond and a circle, by himself becoming deep night, endless aporia, an elusive shape, that the man of metis can triumph over the most cunning species in the animal world.*
(Detienne)


[*]metis: intelligence which operates in the world of becoming, in circumstances of conflict = forethought perspicacity + quickness and acuteness of understanding + trickery + deceit


[*]trap = polymorphism (the opposite of what it seems to be)
dolos mechanos


(Detienne's research: recognize and explain -->) stability of terminology


world of appearance + Becoming


by means of rhetorical ploys sophist can make the weaker argument triumph over the strong ---> go to Kelile Demne cunning intelligence


(dolos -->) [*]cunning: woven, braiding or interlacing, *fitted together* <-- ***ancient techniques that use the pliability and torsion of plant fibers to make knots, ropes, meshes and nets to surprise, trap and bind*** <-- the idea that ***many pieces can be fitted together to produce a well-articulated whole*** (~=? art)


pliability انعطاف
polymorphism
duplicity + equivocality
inversion + reversal
}--> *attributes of curve*


ultimate expression of curve --> the “O”, circle: the bond that is perfect because it completely turns back on itself, is closed in on itself, with neither beginning nor end, front nor rear, and which in rotation becomes both mobile and immobile, moving in both directions at once
--> giving birth to its opposite
“machines” --> properties of the circle


-gu --> used to indicate curving
-kamp --> used to refer to whatever is curved, pliable or articulated
the fossil of fire goes back before the wild-life

the history of fire related to the history of forest

In the 1950s, government officials in Sierra Juarez of Oaxaca--in southern Mexico--blamed forest destruction upon the local indigenous communities. Fire, as a symbol of disorder, became the target of state control and the subject of a state-sponsored discourse of environmental degradation. [...] Fire suppression frequently has been part of state policies of social control. [...] The vision of fire as destructive, part of the state narrative [...] How has the memory of the traditional use of fire by indigenous communities been suppressed? [...]State political myth has obscured community memories of fire as a force in the forest, and as a tool for human use. [...] Why the indigenous communities of the Sierra Juarez no longer talk about the long-term history of their forests. Clearly, the communities internalized parts of the state-sponsored degradation discourse. (However, discourse analysis is not enough; it is all too easy to treat discourse as a monolithic structure of ideas[...] ) [...] These discourses require a threat, a source of chaos and disorder to which the moral regeneration of the progressive discourse can provide a solution. In the case of the Sierra juarez, forest fires provide this opposition. [...] It is exactly this resistance of the natural world to discursive domination that is one of the themes of this article. [1]

[1]ANDREWSA LVADORMA THEWS - suppressing FIRE AND MEMORY: ENVIRONMENTALDE GRADATIONAN D POLITICALRE STORATION INT HES IERRAJ UAREZO F OAXACA, 1887-2001

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Jinn older and Man

ecology of the Jinn


(Qur'an)
raging fire
scorched by burning fire
striking sparks of fire
and roasting at hell-fire
the fire of Allah, kindled
...



bringing together of two homogeneous blocks of material in a given, already-inhabited space

as if we knew what space and time mean



“the desert bighorn is an animal shaped by ice. [...] the design of wild sheep is very much an expression of arctic cold.” (Meloy)
(what the design of fire is as expression of? what shaped fire? ice?)
(we are shaped also by fire)

how you go from lizard to bird?
it must have been through the behavior of lizard that ‘birdness’ has come to be possible. a certain trait of behavior have allowed the lizard find itself in the air.


ice age
story of fire, story of grass, ...

after the establishment of a land-based flora (Middle Ordovician period, 470 million years ago) and permitting the accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere it permitted the possibility of wildfire.

Fire also became more abundant when grasses radiated and became the dominant component of many ecosystems, around 6 to 7 million years ago;

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electrical fire



conflict between the “junk” and the “text” that seemed to fascinate

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how to write cold with fire? the medium of fire is incompatible with that of the paper. paper burns fire off! the combustion emerging elements energized by their contact fuels a sudden blow of increase in their excited entropy. flame. action is the breeze that death dig[...]